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"AMD Instinct MI200" Instruction SetArchitectureReference Guide4-February-2022
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Specification AgreementThis Specification Agreement (this "Agreement") is a legal agreement between Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ("AMD") and "You"as the recipient of the attached AMD Specification (the "Specification"). If you are accessing the Specification as part of yourperformance of work for another party, you acknowledge that you have authority to bind such party to the terms andconditions of this Agreement. If you accessed the Specification by any means or otherwise use or provide Feedback (definedbelow) on the Specification, You agree to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. If You do not agree to the termsand conditions set forth in this Agreement, you are not licensed to use the Specification; do not use, access or provide Feedbackabout the Specification. In consideration of Your use or access of the Specification (in whole or in part), the receipt andsufficiency of which are acknowledged, You agree as follows:1.You may review the Specification only (a) as a reference to assist You in planning and designing Your product, service ortechnology ("Product") to interface with an AMD product in compliance with the requirements as set forth in theSpecification and (b) to provide Feedback about the information disclosed in the Specification to AMD.2.Except as expressly set forth in Paragraph 1, all rights in and to the Specification are retained by AMD. This Agreementdoes not give You any rights under any AMD patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights. Youmay not (i) duplicate any part of the Specification; (ii) remove this Agreement or any notices from the Specification, or (iii)give any part of the Specification, or assign or otherwise provide Your rights under this Agreement, to anyone else.3.The Specification may contain preliminary information, errors, or inaccuracies, or may not include certain necessaryinformation. Additionally, AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to the Specification and its products atany time without notice. The Specification is provided entirely "AS IS." AMD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND ANDDISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS, IMPLIED AND STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, TITLE OR THOSEWARRANTIES ARISING AS A COURSE OF DEALING OR CUSTOM OF TRADE. AMD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT,INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDINGLOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF CAPITAL, LOSS OF GOODWILL)REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) AND STRICTPRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.4.Furthermore, AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systemsintended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any otherapplication in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severeproperty or environmental damage may occur.5.You have no obligation to give AMD any suggestions, comments or feedback ("Feedback") relating to the Specification.However, any Feedback You voluntarily provide may be used by AMD without restriction, fee or obligation ofconfidentiality. Accordingly, if You do give AMD Feedback on any version of the Specification, You agree AMD may freelyuse, reproduce, license, distribute, and otherwise commercialize Your Feedback in any product, as well as has the right tosublicense third parties to do the same. Further, You will not give AMD any Feedback that You may have reason to believeis (i) subject to any patent, copyright or other intellectual property claim or right of any third party; or (ii) subject tolicense terms which seek to require any product or intellectual property incorporating or derived from Feedback or anyProduct or other AMD intellectual property to be licensed to or otherwise provided to any third party.6.You shall adhere to all applicable U.S., European, and other export laws, including but not limited to the U.S. ExportAdministration Regulations ("EAR"), (15 C.F.R. Sections 730 through 774), and E.U. Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of5 May 2009. Further, pursuant to Section 740.6 of the EAR, You hereby certifies that, except pursuant to a license grantedby the United States Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security or as otherwise permitted pursuant to aLicense Exception under the U.S. Export Administration Regulations ("EAR"), You will not (1) export, re-export or releaseto a national of a country in Country Groups D:1, E:1 or E:2 any restricted technology, software, or source code You receivehereunder, or (2) export to Country Groups D:1, E:1 or E:2 the direct product of such technology or software, if suchforeign produced direct product is subject to national security controls as identified on the Commerce Control List(currently found in Supplement 1 to Part 774 of EAR). For the most current Country Group listings, or for additional
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information about the EAR or Your obligations under those regulations, please refer to the U.S. Bureau of Industry andSecurity’s website at http://www.bis.doc.gov/.7.If You are a part of the U.S. Government, then the Specification is provided with "RESTRICTED RIGHTS" as set forth insubparagraphs (c) (1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-14 orsubparagraph (c) (1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.277-7013, asapplicable.8.This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to its choice of law principles. Anydispute involving it must be brought in a court having jurisdiction of such dispute in Santa Clara County, California, andYou waive any defenses and rights allowing the dispute to be litigated elsewhere. If any part of this agreement isunenforceable, it will be considered modified to the extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder shallcontinue in effect. The failure of AMD to enforce any rights granted hereunder or to take action against You in the eventof any breach hereunder shall not be deemed a waiver by AMD as to subsequent enforcement of rights or subsequentactions in the event of future breaches. This Agreement is the entire agreement between You and AMD concerning theSpecification; it may be changed only by a written document signed by both You and an authorized representative ofAMD. DISCLAIMERThe information contained herein is for informational purposes only, and is subject to change without notice. Thisdocument may contain technical inaccuracies, omissions and typographical errors, and AMD is under no obligation toupdate or otherwise correct this information. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. makes no representations or warrantieswith respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document, and assumes no liability of any kind,including the implied warranties of noninfringement, merchantability or fitness for particular purposes, with respectto the operation or use of AMD hardware, software or other products described herein. No license, including impliedor arising by estoppel, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Terms and limitationsapplicable to the purchase or use of AMD’s products or technology are as set forth in a signed agreement between theparties or in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale.AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. OpenCL is atrademark of Apple Inc. used by permission by Khronos Group, Inc. OpenGL® and the oval logo are trademarks orregistered trademarks of Hewlett Packard Enterprise in the United States and/or other countries worldwide. DirectX isa registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the US and other jurisdictions. Other product names used in thispublication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.© 2018-2021 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.2485 Augustine DriveSanta Clara, CA, 95054www.amd.com
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ContentsPreface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1About This Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2Feature Changes in MI200 devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2Removed all IMAGE and GATHER instructions except for the following:. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2Added Matrix Arithmetic Instructions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3FP32 Packed Math. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3Contact Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41.1. Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52. Program Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72.1. Compute Shaders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72.2. Data Sharing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  82.2.1. Local Data Share (LDS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  82.2.2. Global Wave Sync (GDS/GWS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  92.3. Device Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  93. Kernel State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  103.1. State Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  103.2. Program Counter (PC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  113.3. EXECute Mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  113.4. Status registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  123.5. Mode register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  133.6. GPRs and LDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  143.6.1. Out-of-Range behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  143.6.2. SGPR Allocation and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  153.6.3. SGPR Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  153.6.4. VGPR Allocation and Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  153.6.5. LDS Allocation and Clamping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  163.7. M0 Memory Descriptor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  163.8. SCC: Scalar Condition code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  173.9. Vector Compares: VCC and VCCZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  173.10. Trap and Exception registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  183.10.1. Trap Status register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  193.11. Memory Violations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  193.12. Hardware ID Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  204. Program Flow Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  214.1. Program Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  214.2. Branching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
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4.3. Workgroups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  224.4. Data Dependency Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  224.5. Manually Inserted Wait States (NOPs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  234.6. Arbitrary Divergent Control Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  245. Scalar ALU Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  275.1. SALU Instruction Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  275.2. Scalar ALU Operands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  275.3. Scalar Condition Code (SCC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  305.4. Integer Arithmetic Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  305.5. Conditional Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  315.6. Comparison Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  315.7. Bit-Wise Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  315.8. Access Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  336. Vector ALU Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  356.1. Microcode Encodings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  356.2. Operands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  366.2.1. Instruction Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  366.2.2. Instruction Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  376.2.3. Out-of-Range GPRs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  396.3. Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  396.4. Denormalized and Rounding Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  416.5. ALU Clamp Bit Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  426.6. VGPR Indexing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  426.6.1. Indexing Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  426.6.2. VGPR Indexing Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  436.7. Packed Math. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  437. Matrix Arithmetic Instructions (MAI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  457.1. Matrix Arithmetic Opcodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  457.2. Dependency Resolution: Required NOPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  478. Scalar Memory Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  508.1. Microcode Encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  508.2. Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  518.2.1. S_LOAD_DWORD, S_STORE_DWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  518.2.2. Scalar Atomic Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  528.2.3. S_DCACHE_INV, S_DCACHE_WB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  538.2.4. S_MEMTIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  538.2.5. S_MEMREALTIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  538.3. Dependency Checking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  538.4. Alignment and Bounds Checking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  539. Vector Memory Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  559.1. Vector Memory Buffer Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  559.1.1. Simplified Buffer Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
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9.1.2. Buffer Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  569.1.3. VGPR Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  589.1.4. Buffer Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  599.1.5. Buffer Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  609.1.6. 16-bit Memory Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  659.1.7. Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  659.1.8. Buffer Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  659.1.9. Memory Buffer Load to LDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  669.1.10. GLC Bit Explained. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  679.2. Vector Memory (VM) Image Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  689.2.1. Image Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  699.3. Image Opcodes with No Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  709.4. Image Opcodes with a Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  719.4.1. VGPR Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  719.4.2. Image Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  739.4.3. Image Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  749.4.4. Data Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  759.4.5. Vector Memory Instruction Data Dependencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  769.5. Float Memory Atomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  779.5.1. Rounding of Float Atomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  779.5.2. Denormal (Subnormal) Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  779.5.3. NaN Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7810. Flat Memory Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8010.1. Flat Memory Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8010.2. Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8210.2.1. Ordering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8210.2.2. Important Timing Consideration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8210.3. Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8310.3.1. Atomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8310.4. Global. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8310.5. Scratch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8410.6. Memory Error Checking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8410.7. Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8510.8. Scratch Space (Private). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8511. Data Share Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8611.1. Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8611.2. Dataflow in Memory Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8711.3. LDS Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8711.3.1. LDS Direct Reads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8811.3.2. Data Share Indexed and Atomic Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8811.4. GWS Programming Restriction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9012. Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  91
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12.1. SOP2 Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9112.2. SOPK Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9512.3. SOP1 Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9712.4. SOPC Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10512.5. SOPP Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10712.5.1. Send Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11012.6. SMEM Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11012.7. VOP2 Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11712.7.1. VOP2 using VOP3 encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12212.8. VOP1 Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12212.8.1. VOP1 using VOP3 encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13512.9. VOPC Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13512.9.1. VOPC using VOP3A encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14512.10. VOP3P Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14612.11. VOP3A & VOP3B Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14912.12. LDS & GDS Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16512.12.1. DS_SWIZZLE_B32 Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18112.13. MUBUF Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18212.14. MTBUF Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18812.15. MIMG Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18912.16. FLAT, Scratch and Global Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19112.16.1. Flat Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19212.16.2. Scratch Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19612.16.3. Global Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19712.17. Instruction Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20112.17.1. DPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20112.17.2. SDWA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20213. Microcode Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20313.1. Scalar ALU and Control Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20413.1.1. SOP2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20413.1.2. SOPK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20713.1.3. SOP1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20913.1.4. SOPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21213.1.5. SOPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21413.2. Scalar Memory Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21513.2.1. SMEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21613.3. Vector ALU Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21913.3.1. VOP2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21913.3.2. VOP1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22213.3.3. VOPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22613.3.4. VOP3A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23413.3.5. VOP3B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  239
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13.3.6. VOP3P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24213.3.7. SDWA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24613.3.8. SDWAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24713.3.9. DPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24813.4. LDS and GDS format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25013.4.1. DS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25013.5. Vector Memory Buffer Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25413.5.1. MTBUF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25413.5.2. MUBUF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25613.6. Vector Memory Image Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25913.6.1. MIMG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25913.7. Flat Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26213.7.1. FLAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26213.7.2. GLOBAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26413.7.3. SCRATCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  266
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PrefaceAbout This DocumentThis document describes the current environment, organization and program state of AMDCDNA "Instinct MI200" devices. It details the instruction set and the microcode formats native tothis family of processors that are accessible to programmers and compilers.The document specifies the instructions (include the format of each type of instruction) and therelevant program state (including how the program state interacts with the instructions). Someinstruction fields are mutually dependent; not all possible settings for all fields are legal. Thisdocument specifies the valid combinations.The main purposes of this document are to:1.Specify the language constructs and behavior, including the organization of each type ofinstruction in both text syntax and binary format.2.Provide a reference of instruction operation that compiler writers can use to maximizeperformance of the processor.AudienceThis document is intended for programmers writing application and system software, includingoperating systems, compilers, loaders, linkers, device drivers, and system utilities. It assumesthat programmers are writing compute-intensive parallel applications (streaming applications)and assumes an understanding of requisite programming practices.OrganizationThis document begins with an overview of the AMD CDNA processors' hardware andprogramming environment (Chapter 1).Chapter 2 describes the organization of CDNA programs.Chapter 3 describes the program state that is maintained.Chapter 4 describes the program flow.Chapter 5 describes the scalar ALU operations.Chapter 6 describes the vector ALU operations.Chapter 7 describes the vector Matrix ALU operations.Chapter 8 describes the scalar memory operations.Chapter 9 describes the vector memory operations.Chapter 10 provides information about the flat memory instructions.Chapter 11 describes the data share operations.Chapter 12 describes instruction details, first by the microcode format to which they belong,
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then in alphabetic order.Finally, Chapter 13 provides a detailed specification of each microcode format.ConventionsThe following conventions are used in this document: mono-spaced font A filename, file path or code. * Any number of alphanumeric characters in the name of a code format,parameter, or instruction. < > Angle brackets denote streams. [1,2) A range that includes the left-most value (in this case, 1), but excludes the right-most value (in this case, 2). [1,2] A range that includes both the left-most and right-most values. {x | y} One of the multiple options listed. In this case, X or Y. 0.0 A single-precision (32-bit) floating-point value. 1011b A binary value, in this example a 4-bit value. 7:4 A bit range, from bit 7 to bit 4, inclusive. The high-order bit is shown first. italicized word or phrase The first use of a term or concept basic to the understanding of streamcomputing.Feature Changes in MI200 devices•Supports DPP for 64-bit data types•Float64 memory atomic operations: ACC, MIN, MAX•Merged Architectural and Accumulation VGPRs into one unified pool of VGPRs•Allow memory operations to return data directly to accumulation VGPRs•Remove GDS operations (retain GWS operations)•Merged compute shader thread indices into a single VGPR•Remove support for "SRC2" DS instructionsRemoved all IMAGE and GATHER instructions except for thefollowing: IMAGE_LOAD IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND IMAGE_LOAD_MIP IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR IMAGE_STORE IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR IMAGE_STORE_MIP IMAGE_ATOMIC_INC
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IMAGE_GET_RESINFO IMAGE_ATOMIC_DEC IMAGE_ATOMIC_SWAP IMAGE_LOAD_PCK IMAGE_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP IMAGE_LOAD_PCK_SGN IMAGE_ATOMIC_ADD IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK IMAGE_ATOMIC_SUB IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK_SGN IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMIN IMAGE_STORE_PCK IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMIN IMAGE_STORE_MIP_PCK IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMAX IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMAX IMAGE_SAMPLE
Added Matrix Arithmetic Instructions:•V_MFMA_F32_{4x4x4, 16x16x4, 16x16x16, 32x32x4, 32x32x8, 16x16x16}BF16_1K•V_MFMA_F64_{16x16x4f64, 4x4x4f64 }FP32 Packed Math•V_PK_FMA_F32•V_PK_MUL_F32•V_PK_ADD_F32•V_PK_MOV_B32Contact InformationFor information concerning AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing development, please see:http://developer.amd.com/ .For information about developing with AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing, please see:developer.amd.com/appsdk .AMD also has a growing community of AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing users. Come visitus at the AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing Developer Forum ( http://developer.amd.com/openclforum ) to find out what applications other users are trying on their AMD AcceleratedParallel Processing products.
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Chapter 1. IntroductionAMD CDNA processors implement a parallel micro-architecture that is designed to provide anexcellent platform for general-purpose data parallel applications. Data-intensive applicationsthat require high bandwidth or are computationally intensive are a candidate for running on anAMD CDNA processor.The figure below shows a block diagram of the AMD CDNA Generation series processors
Figure 1. AMD CDNA Generation Series Block DiagramThe CDNA device includes a data-parallel processor (DPP) array, a command processor, amemory controller, and other logic (not shown). The CDNA command processor readscommands that the host has written to memory-mapped CDNA registers in the system-memoryaddress space. The command processor sends hardware-generated interrupts to the host whenthe command is completed. The CDNA memory controller has direct access to all CDNA devicememory and the host-specified areas of system memory. To satisfy read and write requests, thememory controller performs the functions of a direct-memory access (DMA) controller, includingcomputing memory-address offsets based on the format of the requested data in memory. In theCDNA environment, a complete application includes two parts:•a program running on the host processor, and•programs, called kernels, running on the CDNA processor.The CDNA programs are controlled by host commands that
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•set CDNA internal base-address and other configuration registers,•specify the data domain on which the CDNA GPU is to operate,•invalidate and flush caches on the CDNA GPU, and•cause the CDNA GPU to begin execution of a program.The CDNA driver program runs on the host.The DPP array is the heart of the CDNA processor. The array is organized as a set of computeunit pipelines, each independent from the others, that are designed to operate in parallel onstreams of floating-point or integer data. The compute unit pipelines can process data or,through the memory controller, transfer data to, or from, memory. Computation in a compute unitpipeline can be made conditional. Outputs written to memory can also be made conditional.When it receives a request, the compute unit pipeline loads instructions and data from memory,begins execution, and continues until the end of the kernel. As kernels are running, the CDNAhardware automatically fetches instructions from memory into on-chip caches; CDNA softwareplays no role in this. CDNA kernels can load data from off-chip memory into on-chip general-purpose registers (GPRs) and caches.The AMD CDNA devices can detect floating point exceptions and can generate interrupts. Inparticular, they can detect IEEE floating-point exceptions in hardware; these can be recorded forpost-execution analysis. The software interrupts shown in the previous figure from the commandprocessor to the host represent hardware-generated interrupts for signaling command-completion and related management functions.The CDNA processor is designed to hide memory latency by keeping track of potentiallyhundreds of work-items in different stages of execution, and by overlapping compute operationswith memory-access operations.1.1. TerminologyTable 1. Basic Terms Term Description CDNA Processor The Graphics Core Next shader processor is a scalar and vector ALU capable of runningcomplex programs on behalf of a wavefront. Dispatch A dispatch launches a 1D, 2D, or 3D grid of work to the CDNA processor array. Workgroup A workgroup is a collection of wavefronts that have the ability to synchronize with each otherquickly; they also can share data through the Local Data Share. Wavefront A collection of 64 work-items that execute in parallel on a single CDNA processor. Work-item A single element of work: one element from the dispatch grid, or in graphics a pixel or vertex. Literal Constant A 32-bit integer or float constant that is placed in the instruction stream. Scalar ALU (SALU) The scalar ALU operates on one value per wavefront and manages all control flow.
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Term Description Vector ALU (VALU) The vector ALU maintains Vector GPRs that are unique for each work item and executearithmetic operations uniquely on each work-item. Microcode format The microcode format describes the bit patterns used to encode instructions. Eachinstruction is either 32 or 64 bits. Instruction An instruction is the basic unit of the kernel. Instructions include: vector ALU, scalar ALU,memory transfer, and control flow operations. Quad A quad is a 2x2 group of screen-aligned pixels. This is relevant for sampling texture maps. Texture Sampler (S#) A texture sampler is a 128-bit entity that describes how the vector memory system reads andsamples (filters) a texture map. Texture Resource(T#) A texture resource descriptor describes an image in memory: address, data format, stride,etc. Buffer Resource (V#) A buffer resource descriptor describes a buffer in memory: address, data format, stride, etc.
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Chapter 2. Program OrganizationCDNA kernels are programs executed by the CDNA processor. Conceptually, the kernel isexecuted independently on every work-item, but in reality the CDNA processor groups 64 work-items into a wavefront, which executes the kernel on all 64 work-items in one pass.The CDNA processor consists of:•A scalar ALU, which operates on one value per wavefront (common to all work items).•A vector ALU, which operates on unique values per work-item.•Local data storage, which allows work-items within a workgroup to communicate and sharedata.•Scalar memory, which can transfer data between SGPRs and memory through a cache.•Vector memory, which can transfer data between VGPRs and memory, including samplingtexture maps.All kernel control flow is handled using scalar ALU instructions. This includes if/else, branchesand looping. Scalar ALU (SALU) and memory instructions work on an entire wavefront andoperate on up to two SGPRs, as well as literal constants.Vector memory and ALU instructions operate on all work-items in the wavefront at one time. Inorder to support branching and conditional execute, every wavefront has an EXECute mask thatdetermines which work-items are active at that moment, and which are dormant. Active work-items execute the vector instruction, and dormant ones treat the instruction as a NOP. TheEXEC mask can be changed at any time by Scalar ALU instructions.Vector ALU instructions can take up to three arguments, which can come from VGPRs, SGPRs,or literal constants that are part of the instruction stream. They operate on all work-itemsenabled by the EXEC mask. Vector compare and add with- carryout return a bit-per-work-itemmask back to the SGPRs to indicate, per work-item, which had a "true" result from the compareor generated a carry-out.Vector memory instructions transfer data between VGPRs and memory. Each work-itemsupplies its own memory address and supplies or receives unique data. These instructions arealso subject to the EXEC mask.2.1. Compute ShadersCompute kernels (shaders) are generic programs that can run on the CDNA processor, takingdata from memory, processing it, and writing results back to memory. Compute kernels arecreated by a dispatch, which causes the CDNA processors to run the kernel over all of the work-items in a 1D, 2D, or 3D grid of data. The CDNA processor walks through this grid andgenerates wavefronts, which then run the compute kernel. Each work-item is initialized with itsunique address (index) within the grid. Based on this index, the work-item computes the
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address of the data it is required to work on and what to do with the results.2.2. Data SharingThe AMD CDNA stream processors can share data between different work-items. Data sharingcan significantly boost performance. The figure below shows the memory hierarchy that isavailable to each work-item.
Figure 2. Shared Memory Hierarchy2.2.1. Local Data Share (LDS)Each compute unit has a 64 kB memory space that enables low-latency communicationbetween work-items within a work-group, or the work-items within a wavefront; this is the localdata share (LDS). This memory is configured with 32 banks, each with 512 entries of 4 bytes.The AMD CDNA processors use a 64 kB local data share (LDS) memory for each compute unit;this enables 64 kB of low-latency bandwidth to the processing elements. The shared memorycontains 32 integer atomic units designed to enable fast, unordered atomic operations. Thismemory can be used as a software cache for predictable re-use of data, a data exchangemachine for the work-items of a work-group, or as a cooperative way to enable efficient accessto off-chip memory.
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2.2.2. Global Wave Sync (GDS/GWS)The AMD CDNA devices contain a global synchronization unit capable of synchronizingworkgroups across the device.2.3. Device MemoryThe AMD CDNA devices offer several methods for access to off-chip memory from theprocessing elements (PE) within each compute unit. On the primary read path, the deviceconsists of multiple channels of L2 read-only cache that provides data to an L1 cache for eachcompute unit. Specific cache-less load instructions can force data to be retrieved from devicememory during an execution of a load clause. Load requests that overlap within the clause arecached with respect to each other. The output cache is formed by two levels of cache: the firstfor write-combining cache (collect scatter and store operations and combine them to providegood access patterns to memory); the second is a read/write cache with atomic units that letseach processing element complete unordered atomic accesses that return the initial value. Eachprocessing element provides the destination address on which the atomic operation acts, thedata to be used in the atomic operation, and a return address for the read/write atomic unit tostore the pre-op value in memory. Each store or atomic operation can be set up to return anacknowledgment to the requesting PE upon write confirmation of the return value (pre-atomic opvalue at destination) being stored to device memory.This acknowledgment has two purposes:•enabling a PE to recover the pre-op value from an atomic operation by performing a cache-less load from its return address after receipt of the write confirmation acknowledgment,and•enabling the system to maintain a relaxed consistency model.Each scatter write from a given PE to a given memory channel maintains order. Theacknowledgment enables one processing element to implement a fence to maintain serialconsistency by ensuring all writes have been posted to memory prior to completing asubsequent write. In this manner, the system can maintain a relaxed consistency modelbetween all parallel work-items operating on the system.
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Chapter 3. Kernel StateThis chapter describes the kernel states visible to the shader program.3.1. State OverviewThe table below shows all of the hardware states readable or writable by a shader program.Table 2. Readable and Writable Hardware States Abbrev. Name Size(bits) Description PC Program Counter 48 Points to the memory address of the next shaderinstruction to execute. V0-V255 VGPR 32 Vector general-purpose register ("architecturalVGPRs"). AV0-AV255 VGPR 32 Matrix Accumulation Vector general-purpose register. S0-S103 SGPR 32 Vector general-purpose register. LDS Local Data Share 64kB Local data share is a scratch RAM with built-inarithmetic capabilities that allow data to be sharedbetween threads in a workgroup. EXEC Execute Mask 64 A bit mask with one bit per thread, which is applied tovector instructions and controls that threads executeand that ignore the instruction. EXECZ EXEC is zero 1 A single bit flag indicating that the EXEC mask is allzeros. VCC Vector Condition Code 64 A bit mask with one bit per thread; it holds the resultof a vector compare operation. VCCZ VCC is zero 1 A single bit-flag indicating that the VCC mask is allzeros. SCC Scalar Condition Code 1 Result from a scalar ALU comparison instruction. FLAT_SCRATCH Flat scratch address 64 The base address of scratch memory. XNACK_MASK Address translation failure. 64 Bit mask of threads that have failed their addresstranslation. STATUS Status 32 Read-only shader status bits. MODE Mode 32 Writable shader mode bits. M0 Memory Reg 32 A temporary register that has various uses, includingGPR indexing and bounds checking. TRAPSTS Trap Status 32 Holds information about exceptions and pendingtraps. TBA Trap Base Address 64 Holds the pointer to the current trap handler program.
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Abbrev. Name Size(bits) Description TMA Trap Memory Address 64 Temporary register for shader operations. Forexample, can hold a pointer to memory used by thetrap handler. TTMP0-TTMP15 Trap Temporary SGPRs 32 16 SGPRs available only to the Trap Handler fortemporary storage. VMCNT Vector memory instructioncount 6 Counts the number of VMEM instructions issued butnot yet completed. EXPCNT Export Count 3 Counts the number of GDS instructions issued butnot yet completed. Also counts VMEM writes thathave not yet sent their write-data to the TC. LGKMCNT LDS, GDS, Constant andMessage count 4 Counts the number of LDS, GDS, constant-fetch(scalar memory read), and message instructionsissued but not yet completed.3.2. Program Counter (PC)The program counter (PC) is a byte address pointing to the next instruction to execute. When awavefront is created, the PC is initialized to the first instruction in the program.The PC interacts with three instructions: S_GET_PC, S_SET_PC, S_SWAP_PC. These transferthe PC to, and from, an even-aligned SGPR pair.Branches jump to (PC_of_the_instruction_after_the_branch + offset). The shader programcannot directly read from, or write to, the PC. Branches, GET_PC and SWAP_PC, are PC-relative to the next instruction, not the current one. S_TRAP saves the PC of the S_TRAPinstruction itself.3.3. EXECute MaskThe Execute mask (64-bit) determines which threads in the vector are executed:1 = execute, 0 = do not execute.EXEC can be read from, and written to, through scalar instructions; it also can be written as aresult of a vector-ALU compare. This mask affects vector-ALU, vector-memory, LDS, and GDSinstructions. It does not affect scalar execution or branches.A helper bit (EXECZ) can be used as a condition for branches to skip code when EXEC is zero.
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This GPU does no optimization when EXEC = 0. The shader hardwareexecutes every instruction, wasting instruction issue bandwidth. UseCBRANCH or VSKIP to rapidly skip over code when it is likely that the EXECmask is zero.3.4. Status registersStatus register fields can be read, but not written to, by the shader. These bits are initialized atwavefront-creation time. The table below lists and briefly describes the status register fields.Table 3. Status Register Fields Field BitPosition Description SCC 1 Scalar condition code. Used as a carry-out bit. For a comparison instruction,this bit indicates failure or success. For logical operations, this is 1 if theresult was non-zero. SPI_PRIO 2:1 Wavefront priority set by the shader processor interpolator (SPI) when thewavefront is created. See the S_SETPRIO instruction (page 12-49) fordetails. 0 is lowest, 3 is highest priority. WAVE_PRIO 4:3 Wavefront priority set by the shader program. See the S_SETPRIOinstruction (page 12-49) for details. PRIV 5 Privileged mode. Can only be active when in the trap handler. Gives writeaccess to the TTMP, TMA, and TBA registers. TRAP_EN 6 Indicates that a trap handler is present. When set to zero, traps are nottaken. EXECZ 9 Exec mask is zero. VCCZ 10 Vector condition code is zero. IN_TG 11 Wavefront is a member of a work-group of more than one wavefront. IN_BARRIER 12 Wavefront is waiting at a barrier. HALT 13 Wavefront is halted or scheduled to halt. HALT can be set by the hostthrough wavefront-control messages, or by the shader. This bit is ignoredwhile in the trap handler (PRIV = 1); it also is ignored if a host-initiated trapis received (request to enter the trap handler). TRAP 14 Wavefront is flagged to enter the trap handler as soon as possible. VALID 16 Wavefront is active (has been created and not yet ended). ECC_ERR 17 An ECC error has occurred. PERF_EN 19 Performance counters are enabled for this wavefront. COND_DBG_USER 20 Conditional debug indicator for user mode COND_DBG_SYS 21 Conditional debug indicator for system mode. ALLOW_REPLAY 22 Indicates that ATC replay is enabled. terminating.
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3.5. Mode registerMode register fields can be read from, and written to, by the shader through scalar instructions.The table below lists and briefly describes the mode register fields.Table 4. Mode Register Fields Field BitPosition Description FP_ROUND 3:0 [1:0] Single precision round mode. [3:2] Double/Half precision round mode.Round Modes: 0=nearest even, 1= +infinity, 2= -infinity, 3= toward zero. FP_DENORM 7:4 [1:0] Single precision denormal mode. [3:2] Double/Half precision denormalmode. Denorm modes:0 = flush input and output denorms.1 = allow input denorms, flush output denorms.2 = flush input denorms, allow output denorms.3 = allow input and output denorms. DX10_CLAMP 8 Used by the vector ALU to force DX10-style treatment of NaNs: when set,clamp NaN to zero; otherwise, pass NaN through. IEEE 9 Floating point opcodes that support exception flag gathering quiet andpropagate signaling NaN inputs per IEEE 754-2008. Min_dx10 and max_dx10become IEEE 754-2008 compliant due to signaling NaN propagation andquieting. LOD_CLAMPED 10 Sticky bit indicating that one or more texture accesses had their LODclamped. DEBUG 11 Forces the wavefront to jump to the exception handler after each instruction isexecuted (but not after ENDPGM). Only works if TRAP_EN = 1. EXCP_EN 18:12 Enable mask for exceptions. Enabled means if the exception occurs andTRAP_EN==1, a trap is taken.[12] : invalid. [13] : inputDenormal. [14] : float_div0. [15] : overflow. [16] : underflow. [17] : inexact.[18] : int_div0.[19] : address watch[20] : memory violation FP16_OVFL 23 If set, an overflowed FP16 result is clamped to +/- MAX_FP16, regardless ofround mode, while still preserving true INF values. POPS_PACKER0 24 1 = this wave is associated with packer 0. User shader must set this to!PackerID from the POPS initialized SGPR (load_collision_waveID), or zero ifnot using POPS. POPS_PACKER1 25 1 = this wave is associated with packer 1. User shader must set this toPackerID from the POPS initialized SGPR (load_collision_waveID), or zero ifnot using POPS. DISABLE_PERF 26 1 = disable performance counting for this wave
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Field BitPosition Description GPR_IDX_EN 27 GPR index enable. VSKIP 28 0 = normal operation. 1 = skip (do not execute) any vector instructions: valu,vmem, lds, gds. "Skipping" instructions occurs at high-speed (10 wavefrontsper clock cycle can skip one instruction). This is much faster than issuing anddiscarding instructions. CSP 31:29 Conditional branch stack pointer.3.6. GPRs and LDSThis section describes how GPR and LDS space is allocated to a wavefront, as well as how out-of-range and misaligned accesses are handled.3.6.1. Out-of-Range behaviorThis section defines the behavior when a source or destination GPR or memory address isoutside the legal range for a wavefront.Out-of-range can occur through GPR-indexing or bad programming. It is illegal to index fromone register type into another (for example: SGPRs into trap registers or inline constants). It isalso illegal to index within inline constants.The following describe the out-of-range behavior for various storage types.•SGPRsSource or destination out-of-range = (sgpr < 0 || (sgpr >= sgpr_size)).Source out-of-range: returns the value of SGPR0 (not the value 0).Destination out-of-range: instruction writes no SGPR result.•VGPRsSimilar to SGPRs. It is illegal to index from SGPRs into VGPRs, or vice versa.Out-of-range = (vgpr < 0 || (vgpr >= vgpr_size))If a source VGPR is out of range, VGPR0 is used.If a destination VGPR is out-of-range, the instruction is ignored (treated as an NOP).•LDSIf the LDS-ADDRESS is out-of-range (addr < 0 or >= (MIN(lds_size, m0)):Writes out-of-range are discarded; it is undefined if SIZE is not a multiple of write-data-size.Reads return the value zero.If any source-VGPR is out-of-range, use the VGPR0 value is used.If the dest-VGPR is out of range, nullify the instruction (issue with exec=0)
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•Memory, LDS, and GDS: Reads and atomics with returns.If any source VGPR or SGPR is out-of-range, the data value is undefined.If any destination VGPR is out-of-range, the operation is nullified by issuing theinstruction as if the EXEC mask were cleared to 0.This out-of-range check must check all VGPRs that can be returned (for example:VDST to VDST+3 for a BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDx4).This check must also include the extra PRT (partially resident texture) VGPR andnullify the fetch if this VGPR is out-of-range, no matter whether the texture systemactually returns this value or not.Atomic operations with out-of-range destination VGPRs are nullified: issued, butwith exec mask of zero.Instructions with multiple destinations (for example: V_ADDC): if any destination is out-of-range,no results are written.3.6.2. SGPR Allocation and storageA wavefront can be allocated 16 to 102 SGPRs, in units of 16 GPRs (Dwords). These arelogically viewed as SGPRs 0-101. The VCC is physically stored as part of the wavefront’sSGPRs in the highest numbered two SGPRs (SGPR 106 and 107; the source/destination VCCis an alias for those two SGPRs). When a trap handler is present, 16 additional SGPRs arereserved after VCC to hold the trap addresses, as well as saved-PC and trap-handler temps.These all are privileged (cannot be written to unless privilege is set). Note that if a wavefrontallocates 16 SGPRs, 2 SGPRs are typically used as VCC, the remaining 14 are available to theshader. Shader hardware does not prevent use of all 16 SGPRs.3.6.3. SGPR AlignmentEven-aligned SGPRs are required in the following cases.•When 64-bit data is used. This is required for moves to/from 64-bit registers, including thePC.•When scalar memory reads that the address-base comes from an SGPR-pair (either inSGPR).Quad-alignment is required for the data-GPR when a scalar memory read returns four or moreDwords. When a 64-bit quantity is stored in SGPRs, the LSBs are in SGPR[n], and the MSBsare in SGPR[n+1].3.6.4. VGPR Allocation and AlignmentVGPRs are allocated in groups of eight Dwords. Operations using pairs of VGPRs (for example:double-floats) have no alignment restrictions. Physically, allocations of VGPRs can wrap around
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the VGPR memory pool.VGPRs are allocated out of two pools: regular VGPRs and accumulation VGPRs. AccumulationVGPRs are used with matrix VALU instructions, and can also be loaded directly from memory. Awave may have up to 512 total VGPRs, 256 of each type. When a wave has fewer than 512total VGPRs, the number of each type is flexible - it is not required to be equal numbers of bothtypes.Instructions which operate on 64-bit data must use aligned (i.e. even) VGPRs. This applies toALU and memory instructions. GWS instructions must also be even-aligned.Compute shaders have VGPR0 initialized with the X, Y and Z index within the workgroup: {2’b00, Z, Y, X }.3.6.5. LDS Allocation and ClampingLDS is allocated per work-group or per-wavefront when work-groups are not in use. LDS spaceis allocated to a work-group or wavefront in contiguous blocks of 128 Dwords on 128-Dwordalignment. LDS allocations do not wrap around the LDS storage. All accesses to LDS arerestricted to the space allocated to that wavefront/work-group.Clamping of LDS reads and writes is controlled by two size registers, which contain values forthe size of the LDS space allocated by SPI to this wavefront or work-group, and a possiblysmaller value specified in the LDS instruction (size is held in M0). The LDS operations use thesmaller of these two sizes to determine how to clamp the read/write addresses.3.7. M0 Memory DescriptorThere is one 32-bit M0 register per wavefront, which can be used for:•Local Data Share (LDS)Interpolation: holds { 1’b0, new_prim_mask[15:1], parameter_offset[15:0] } // in bytesLDS direct-read offset and data type: { 13’b0, DataType[2:0], LDS_address[15:0] } //addr in bytesLDS addressing for Memory/Vfetch LDS: {16’h0, lds_offset[15:0]} // in bytes•Global Wave Sync (GWS){ base[5:0], 16’h0}•Indirect GPR addressing for both vector and scalar instructions. M0 is an unsigned index.•Send-message value. EMIT/CUT use M0 and EXEC as the send-message data.
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3.8. SCC: Scalar Condition codeMost scalar ALU instructions set the Scalar Condition Code (SCC) bit, indicating the result of theoperation. Compare operations: 1 = trueArithmetic operations: 1 = carry outBit/logical operations: 1 = result was not zeroMove: does not alter SCCThe SCC can be used as the carry-in for extended-precision integer arithmetic, as well as theselector for conditional moves and branches.3.9. Vector Compares: VCC and VCCZVector ALU comparisons set the Vector Condition Code (VCC) register (1=pass, 0=fail). Also,vector compares have the option of setting EXEC to the VCC value.There is also a VCC summary bit (vccz) that is set to 1 when the VCC result is zero. This isuseful for early-exit branch tests. VCC is also set for selected integer ALU operations (carry-out).Vector compares have the option of writing the result to VCC (32-bit instruction encoding) or toany SGPR (64-bit instruction encoding). VCCZ is updated every time VCC is updated: vectorcompares and scalar writes to VCC.The EXEC mask determines which threads execute an instruction. The VCC indicates whichexecuting threads passed the conditional test, or which threads generated a carry-out from aninteger add or subtract. V_CMP_* VCC[n] = EXEC[n] & (test passed for thread[n])VCC is fully written; there are no partial mask updates. VCC physically resides in the SGPR register file, so when an instructionsources VCC, that counts against the limit on the total number of SGPRs thatcan be sourced for a given instruction. VCC physically resides in the highesttwo user SGPRs.Shader Hazard with VCC The user/compiler must prevent a scalar-ALU write to the SGPRholding VCC, immediately followed by a conditional branch using VCCZ. The hardware cannot
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detect this, and inserts the one required wait state (hardware does detect it when the SALUwrites to VCC, it only fails to do this when the SALU instruction references the SGPRs thathappen to hold VCC).3.10. Trap and Exception registersEach type of exception can be enabled or disabled independently by setting, or clearing, bits inthe TRAPSTS register’s EXCP_EN field. This section describes the registers which control andreport kernel exceptions.All Trap temporary SGPRs (TTMP*) are privileged for writes - they can be written only when inthe trap handler (status.priv = 1). When not privileged, writes to these are ignored. TMA andTBA are read-only; they can be accessed through S_GETREG_B32.When a trap is taken (either user initiated, exception or host initiated), the shader hardwaregenerates an S_TRAP instruction. This loads trap information into a pair of SGPRS: {TTMP1, TTMP0} = {3'h0, pc_rewind[3:0], HT[0],trapID[7:0], PC[47:0]}.HT is set to one for host initiated traps, and zero for user traps (s_trap) or exceptions. TRAP_IDis zero for exceptions, or the user/host trapID for those traps. When the trap handler is entered,the PC of the faulting instruction will be: (PC - PC_rewind*4).STATUS . TRAP_EN - This bit indicates to the shader whether or not a trap handler is present.When one is not present, traps are not taken, no matter whether they’re floating point, user-, orhost-initiated traps. When the trap handler is present, the wavefront uses an extra 16 SGPRs fortrap processing. If trap_en == 0, all traps and exceptions are ignored, and s_trap is convertedby hardware to NOP.MODE . EXCP_EN[8:0] - Floating point exception enables. Defines which exceptions andevents cause a trap. Bit Exception 0 Invalid 1 Input Denormal 2 Divide by zero 3 Overflow 4 Underflow 5 Inexact 6 Integer divide by zero 7 Address Watch - TC (L1) has witnessed a thread access to an'address of interest'
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3.10.1. Trap Status registerThe trap status register records previously seen traps or exceptions. It can be read and writtenby the kernel.Table 5. Exception Field Bits Field Bits Description EXCP 8:0 Status bits of which exceptions have occurred. These bits are sticky andaccumulate results until the shader program clears them. These bits areaccumulated regardless of the setting of EXCP_EN. These can be read or writtenwithout shader privilege. Bit Exception 0 invalid1 Input Denormal2 Divide by zero3 overflow4 underflow5 inexact6 integer divide by zero7 address watch8 memory violation SAVECTX 10 A bit set by the host command indicating that this wave must jump to its traphandler and save its context. This bit must be cleared by the trap handler usingS_SETREG. Note - a shader can set this bit to 1 to cause a save-context trap,and due to hardware latency the shader may execute up to 2 additionalinstructions before taking the trap. ILLEGAL_INST 11 An illegal instruction has been detected. ADDR_WATCH1-3 14:12 Indicates that address watch 1, 2, or 3 has been hit. Bit 12 is address watch 1; bit13 is 2; bit 14 is 3. EXCP_CYCLE 21:16 When a float exception occurs, this tells the trap handler on which cycle theexception occurred on. 0-3 for normal float operations, 0-7 for double float add,and 0-15 for double float muladd or transcendentals. This register records thecycle number of the first occurrence of an enabled (unmasked) exception.EXCP_CYCLE[1:0] Phase: threads 0-15 are in phase 0, 48-63 in phase 3.EXCP_CYCLE[3:2] Multi-slot pass.EXCP_CYCLE[5:4] Hybrid pass: used for machines running at lower rates. DP_RATE 31:29 Determines how the shader interprets the TRAP_STS.cycle. Different VectorShader Processors (VSP) process instructions at different rates.3.11. Memory ViolationsA Memory Violation is reported from:•LDS alignment error.•Memory read/write/atomic alignment error.•Flat access where the address is invalid (does not fall in any aperture).•Write to a read-only surface.•GDS alignment or address range error.
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•GWS operation aborted (semaphore or barrier not executed).Memory violations are not reported for instruction or scalar-data accesses.Memory Buffer to LDS does NOT return a memory violation if the LDS address is out of range,but masks off EXEC bits of threads that would go out of range.When a memory access is in violation, the appropriate memory (LDS or TC) returns MEM_VIOLto the wave. This is stored in the wave’s TRAPSTS.mem_viol bit. This bit is sticky, so once setto 1, it remains at 1 until the user clears it.There is a corresponding exception enable bit (EXCP_EN.mem_viol). If this bit is set when thememory returns with a violation, the wave jumps to the trap handler.Memory violations are not precise. The violation is reported when the LDS or TC processes theaddress; during this time, the wave may have processed many more instructions. When amem_viol is reported, the Program Counter saved is that of the next instruction to execute; ithas no relationship the faulting instruction.3.12. Hardware ID RegistersThe values below indicate where a wave is currently execution. It is not safe to rely on thesevalues as they may change over the lifetime of a wave.Table 6. Hardware ID (HW_ID) Field Bits Description WAVE_ID 3:0 Wave buffer slot number SIMD_ID 5:4 SIMD which the wave is assigned to within the CU PIPE_ID 7:6 Pipeline from which the wave was dispatched CU_ID 11:8 Compute Unit the wave is assigned to SH_ID 12 Shader Array (within an SE) the wave is assigned to SE_ID 14:13 Shader Engine the wave is assigned to TG_ID 19:16 Thread-group ID VM_ID 23:20 Virtual Memory ID QUEUE_ID 26:24 Queue from which this wave was dispatched STATE_ID 29:27 State ID (UNUSED) ME_ID 31:30 Micro-engine ID
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Chapter 4. Program Flow ControlAll program flow control is programmed using scalar ALU instructions. This includes loops,branches, subroutine calls, and traps. The program uses SGPRs to store branch conditions andloop counters. Constants can be fetched from the scalar constant cache directly into SGPRs.4.1. Program ControlThe instructions in the table below control the priority and termination of a shader program, aswell as provide support for trap handlers.Table 7. Control Instructions Instructions Description S_ENDPGM Terminates the wavefront. It can appear anywhere in the kernel and can appear multipletimes. S_ENDPGM_SAVED Terminates the wavefront due to context save. It can appear anywhere in the kernel and canappear multiple times. S_NOP Does nothing; it can be repeated in hardware up to eight times. S_TRAP Jumps to the trap handler. S_RFE Returns from the trap handler S_SETPRIO Modifies the priority of this wavefront: 0=lowest, 3 = highest. S_SLEEP Causes the wavefront to sleep for 64 - 8128 clock cycles. S_SENDMSG Sends a message (typically an interrupt) to the host CPU.4.2. BranchingBranching is done using one of the following scalar ALU instructions.Table 8. Branch Instructions Instructions Description S_BRANCH Unconditional branch. S_CBRANCH_<test> Conditional branch. Branch only if <test> is true. Tests are VCCZ, VCCNZ,EXECZ, EXECNZ, SCCZ, and SCCNZ. S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS Conditional branch, taken if the COND_DBG_SYS status bit is set. S_CBRANCH_CDBGUSER Conditional branch, taken if the COND_DBG_USER status bit is set. S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS_AND_USER Conditional branch, taken only if both COND_DBG_SYS andCOND_DBG_USER are set. S_SETPC Directly set the PC from an SGPR pair.
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Instructions Description S_SWAPPC Swap the current PC with an address in an SGPR pair. S_GETPC Retrieve the current PC value (does not cause a branch). S_CBRANCH_FORK andS_CBRANCH_JOIN Conditional branch for complex branching. S_SETVSKIP Set a bit that causes all vector instructions to be ignored. Useful alternativeto branching. S_CALL_B64 Jump to a subroutine, and save return address. SGPR_pair = PC+4; PC =PC+4+SIMM16*4.For conditional branches, the branch condition can be determined by either scalar or vectoroperations. A scalar compare operation sets the Scalar Condition Code (SCC), which then canbe used as a conditional branch condition. Vector compare operations set the VCC mask, andVCCZ or VCCNZ then can be used to determine branching.4.3. WorkgroupsWork-groups are collections of wavefronts running on the same compute unit which cansynchronize and share data. Up to 16 wavefronts (1024 work-items) can be combined into awork-group. When multiple wavefronts are in a workgroup, the S_BARRIER instruction can beused to force each wavefront to wait until all other wavefronts reach the same instruction; then,all wavefronts continue. Any wavefront can terminate early using S_ENDPGM, and the barrier isconsidered satisfied when the remaining live waves reach their barrier instruction.4.4. Data Dependency ResolutionShader hardware resolves most data dependencies, but a few cases must be explicitly handledby the shader program. In these cases, the program must insert S_WAITCNT instructions toensure that previous operations have completed before continuing.The shader has three counters that track the progress of issued instructions. S_WAITCNT waitsfor the values of these counters to be at, or below, specified values before continuing.These allow the shader writer to schedule long-latency instructions, execute unrelated work,and specify when results of long-latency operations are needed.Instructions of a given type return in order, but instructions of different types can complete out-of-order. For example, both GDS and LDS instructions use LGKM_cnt, but they can return out-of-order.•VM_CNT: Vector memory count.Determines when memory reads have returned data to VGPRs, or memory writes havecompleted.
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Incremented every time a vector-memory read or write (MIMG, MUBUF, or MTBUFformat) instruction is issued.Decremented for reads when the data has been written back to the VGPRs, and forwrites when the data has been written to the L2 cache. Ordering: Memory reads andwrites return in the order they were issued, including mixing reads and writes.•LGKM_CNT: (LDS, GDS, (K)constant, (M)essage) Determines when one of these low-latency instructions have completed.Incremented by 1 for every LDS or GDS instruction issued, as well as by Dword-countfor scalar-memory reads. For example, s_memtime counts the same as ans_load_dwordx2.Decremented by 1 for LDS/GDS reads or atomic-with-return when the data has beenreturned to VGPRs.Incremented by 1 for each S_SENDMSG issued. Decremented by 1 when message issent out.Decremented by 1 for LDS/GDS writes when the data has been written to LDS/GDS.Decremented by 1 for each Dword returned from the data-cache (SMEM).Ordering:Instructions of different types are returned out-of-order.Instructions of the same type are returned in the order they were issued, exceptscalar-memory-reads, which can return out-of-order (in which case onlyS_WAITCNT 0 is the only legitimate value).•EXP_CNT: VGPR-export count.Determines when data has been read out of the VGPR and sent to GDS, at which time it issafe to overwrite the contents of that VGPR.Incremented when an GDS instruction is issued from the wavefront buffer.Decremented for GDS when the last cycle of the GDS instruction is granted andexecuted (VGPRs read out).4.5. Manually Inserted Wait States (NOPs)The hardware does not check for the following dependencies; they must be resolved byinserting NOPs or independent instructions.Table 9. Required Software-inserted Wait States First Instruction Second Instruction Wait Notes S_SETREG <*> S_GETREG <same reg> 2 S_SETREG <*> S_SETREG <same reg> 2 SET_VSKIP S_GETREG MODE 2 Reads VSKIP from MODE. S_SETREG MODE.vskip any vector op 2 Requires two nops or non-vectorinstructions.
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First Instruction Second Instruction Wait Notes VALU that sets VCC or EXEC VALU that uses EXECZ orVCCZ as a data source 5 VALU writes SGPR/VCC (readlane,cmp, add/sub, div_scale) V_{READ,WRITE}LANE usingthat SGPR/VCC as the laneselect 4 VALU writes VCC (includingv_div_scale) V_DIV_FMAS 4 FLAT_STORE_X3FLAT_STORE_X4FLAT_ATOMIC_{F}CMPSWAP_X2BUFFER_STORE_DWORD_X3BUFFER_STORE_DWORD_X4BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZWBUFFER_ATOMIC_{F}CMPSWAP_X2IMAGE_STORE_* > 64 bitsIMAGE_ATOMIC_{F}CMPSWAP > +64bits Write VGPRs holding writedatafrom those instructions. 1 BUFFER_STORE_* operationsthat use an SGPR for "offset" donot require any wait states.IMAGE_STORE_* andIMAGE_{F}CMPSWAP* ops withmore than two DMASK bits setrequire this one wait state. Opsthat use a 256-bit T# do notneed a wait state. VALU writes SGPR VMEM reads that SGPR 5 Hardware assumes that there isno dependency here. If theVALU writes the SGPR that isused by a VMEM, the user mustadd five wait states. SALU writes M0 GDS, S_SENDMSG 1 VALU writes VGPR VALU DPP reads that VGPR 2 VALU writes EXEC VALU DPP op 5 ALU does not forward EXEC toDPP. Mixed use of VCC: alias vsSGPR#v_readlane, v_readfirstlanev_cmpv_add*i/uv_sub*_i/uv_div_scale* (writes vcc) VALU which reads VCC as aconstant (not as a carry-in whichis 0 wait states). 1 VCC can be accessed by nameor by the logical SGPR whichholds VCC. The datadependency check logic doesnot understand that these arethe same register and do notprevent races. S_SETREG TRAPSTS RFE, RFE_restore 1 SALU writes M0 LDS "add-TID" instruction,buffer_store_LDS_dword,scratch or global with LDS = 1 orLDS_direct 1 SALU writes M0 S_MOVEREL 1 4.6. Arbitrary Divergent Control FlowIn the CDNA architecture, conditional branches are handled in one of the following ways.
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1.S_CBRANCH This case is used for simple control flow, where the decision to take a branchis based on a previous compare operation. This is the most common method for conditionalbranching.2.S_CBRANCH_I/G_FORK and S_CBRANCH_JOIN This method, intended for complex,irreducible control flow graphs, is described in the rest of this section. The performance ofthis method is lower than that for S_CBRANCH on simple flow control; use it only whennecessary.Conditional Branch (CBR) graphs are grouped into self-contained code blocks, denoted byFORK at the entrance point, and JOIN and the exit point. The shader compiler must add theseinstructions into the code. This method uses a six-deep stack and requires three SGPRs foreach fork/join block. Fork/Join blocks can be hierarchically nested to any depth (subject toSGPR requirements); they also can coexist with other conditional flow control or computedjumps.
Figure 3. Example of Complex Control Flow GraphThe register requirements per wavefront are:•CSP [2:0] - control stack pointer.•Six stack entries of 128-bits each, stored in SGPRS: { exec[63:0], PC[47:2] }This method compares how many of the 64 threads go down the PASS path instead of the FAILpath; then, it selects the path with the fewer number of threads first. This means at most 50% ofthe threads are active, and this limits the necessary stack depth to Log264 = 6.The following pseudo-code shows the details of CBRANCH Fork and Join operations.
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S_CBRANCH_G_FORK arg0, arg1  // arg1 is an sgpr-pair which holds 64bit (48bit) target addressS_CBRANCH_I_FORK arg0, #target_addr_offset[17:2]  // target_addr_offset: 16b signed immediate offset// PC: in this pseudo-code is pointing to the cbranch_*_fork instructionmask_pass = SGPR[arg0] & execmask_fail = ~SGPR[arg0] & execif (mask_pass == exec)  I_FORK : PC += 4 + target_addr_offset  G_FORK: PC = SGPR[arg1]else if (mask_fail == exec)  PC += 4else if (bitcount(mask_fail) < bitcount(mask_pass))  exec = mask_fail  I_FORK : SGPR[CSP*4] = { (pc + 4 + target_addr_offset), mask_pass }  G_FORK: SGPR[CSP*4] = { SGPR[arg1], mask_pass }  CSP++  PC += 4else  exec = mask_pass  SGPR[CSP*4] = { (pc+4), mask_fail }  CSP++  I_FORK : PC += 4 + target_addr_offset  G_FORK: PC = SGPR[arg1]S_CBRANCH_JOIN arg0if (CSP == SGPR[arg0]) // SGPR[arg0] holds the CSP value when the FORK started  PC += 4 // this is the 2nd time to JOIN: continue with pgmelse  CSP -- // this is the 1st time to JOIN: jump to other FORK path  {PC, EXEC} = SGPR[CSP*4] // read 128-bits from 4 consecutive SGPRs
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Chapter 5. Scalar ALU OperationsScalar ALU (SALU) instructions operate on a single value per wavefront. These operationsconsist of 32-bit integer arithmetic and 32- or 64-bit bit-wise operations. The SALU also canperform operations directly on the Program Counter, allowing the program to create a call stackin SGPRs. Many operations also set the Scalar Condition Code bit (SCC) to indicate the resultof a comparison, a carry-out, or whether the instruction result was zero.5.1. SALU Instruction FormatsSALU instructions are encoded in one of five microcode formats, shown below:
Each of these instruction formats uses some of these fields:
Field Description OP Opcode: instruction to be executed. SDST Destination SGPR. SSRC0 First source operand. SSRC1 Second source operand. SIMM16 Signed immediate 16-bit integer constant.The lists of similar instructions sometimes use a condensed form using curly braces { } toexpress a list of possible names. For example, S_AND_{B32, B64} defines two legalinstructions: S_AND_B32 and S_AND_B64.5.2. Scalar ALU OperandsValid operands of SALU instructions are:
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•SGPRs, including trap temporary SGPRs.•Mode register.•Status register (read-only).•M0 register.•TrapSts register.•EXEC mask.•VCC mask.•SCC.•PC.•Inline constants: integers from -16 to 64, and a some floating point values.•VCCZ, EXECZ, and SCC.•Hardware registers.•32-bit literal constant.In the table below, 0-127 can be used as scalar sources or destinations; 128-255 can only beused as sources.Table 10. Scalar Operands Code Meaning Description ScalarDest(7 bits) 0 - 101 SGPR 0 to 101 Scalar GPRs 102 FLAT_SCR_LO Holds the low Dword of the flat-scratch memorydescriptor 103 FLAT_SCR_HI Holds the high Dword of the flat-scratch memorydescriptor 104 XNACK_MASK_LO Holds the low Dword of the XNACK mask. 105 XNACK_MASK_HI Holds the high Dword of the XNACK mask. 106 VCC_LO Holds the low Dword of the vector condition code 107 VCC_HI Holds the high Dword of the vector condition code 108-123 TTMP0 to TTMP15 Trap temps (privileged) 124 M0 Holds the low Dword of the flat-scratch memorydescriptor 125 reserved reserved 126 EXEC_LO Execute mask, low Dword 127 EXEC_HI Execute mask, high Dword 128 0 zero 129-192 int 1 to 64 Positive integer values. 193-208 int -1 to -16 Negative integer values. 209-234 reserved Unused.
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Code Meaning Description 235 SHARED_BASE Memory Aperture definition. 236 SHARED_LIMIT 237 PRIVATE_BASE 238 PRIVATE_LIMIT 239 POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID Primitive Ordered Pixel Shading wave ID. 240 0.5 single or double floats 241 -0.5 242 1.0 243 -1.0 244 2.0 245 -2.0 246 4.0 247 -4.0 248 1.0 / (2 * PI) 249-250 reserved unused 251 VCCZ { zeros, VCCZ } 252 EXECZ { zeros, EXECZ } 253 SCC { zeros, SCC } 254 reserved unused 255 Literal constant 32-bit constant from instruction stream.The SALU cannot use VGPRs or LDS. SALU instructions can use a 32-bit literal constant. Thisconstant is part of the instruction stream and is available to all SALU microcode formats exceptSOPP and SOPK. Literal constants are used by setting the source instruction field to "literal"(255), and then the following instruction dword is used as the source value.If any source SGPR is out-of-range, the value of SGPR0 is used instead.If the destination SGPR is out-of-range, no SGPR is written with the result. However, SCC andpossibly EXEC (if saveexec) will still be written.If an instruction uses 64-bit data in SGPRs, the SGPR pair must be aligned to an evenboundary. For example, it is legal to use SGPRs 2 and 3 or 8 and 9 (but not 11 and 12) torepresent 64-bit data.
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5.3. Scalar Condition Code (SCC)The scalar condition code (SCC) is written as a result of executing most SALU instructions.The SCC is set by many instructions:•Compare operations: 1 = true.•Arithmetic operations: 1 = carry out.SCC = overflow for signed add and subtract operations. For add, overflow = bothoperands are of the same sign, and the MSB (sign bit) of the result is different than thesign of the operands. For subtract (AB), overflow = A and B have opposite signs andthe resulting sign is not the same as the sign of A.•Bit/logical operations: 1 = result was not zero.5.4. Integer Arithmetic InstructionsThis section describes the arithmetic operations supplied by the SALU. The table below showsthe scalar integer arithmetic instructions:Table 11. Integer Arithmetic Instructions Instruction Encoding Sets SCC? Operation S_ADD_I32 SOP2 y D = S0 + S1, SCC = overflow. S_ADD_U32 SOP2 y D = S0 + S1, SCC = carry out. S_ADDC_U32 SOP2 y D = S0 + S1 + SCC = overflow. S_SUB_I32 SOP2 y D = S0 - S1, SCC = overflow. S_SUB_U32 SOP2 y D = S0 - S1, SCC = carry out. S_SUBB_U32 SOP2 y D = S0 - S1 - SCC = carry out. S_ABSDIFF_I32 SOP2 y D = abs (s1 - s2), SCC = result not zero. S_MIN_I32S_MIN_U32 SOP2 y D = (S0 < S1) ? S0 : S1. SCC = 1 if S0 was min. S_MAX_I32S_MAX_U32 SOP2 y D = (S0 > S1) ? S0 : S1. SCC = 1 if S0 was max. S_MUL_I32 SOP2 n D = S0 * S1. Low 32 bits of result. S_ADDK_I32 SOPK y D = D + simm16, SCC = overflow. Sign extendedversion of simm16. S_MULK_I32 SOPK n D = D * simm16. Return low 32bits. Sign extendedversion of simm16. S_ABS_I32 SOP1 y D.i = abs (S0.i). SCC=result not zero. S_SEXT_I32_I8 SOP1 n D = { 24{S0[7]}, S0[7:0] }. S_SEXT_I32_I16 SOP1 n D = { 16{S0[15]}, S0[15:0] }.
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5.5. Conditional InstructionsConditional instructions use the SCC flag to determine whether to perform the operation, or (forCSELECT) which source operand to use.Table 12. Conditional Instructions Instruction Encoding Sets SCC? Operation S_CSELECT_{B32, B64} SOP2 n D = SCC ? S0 : S1. S_CMOVK_I32 SOPK n if (SCC) D = signext(simm16). S_CMOV_{B32,B64} SOP1 n if (SCC) D = S0, else NOP.5.6. Comparison InstructionsThese instructions compare two values and set the SCC to 1 if the comparison yielded a TRUEresult.Table 13. Conditional Instructions Instruction Encoding Sets SCC? Operation S_CMP_EQ_U64,S_CMP_NE_U64 SOPC y Compare two 64-bit source values. SCC = S0 <cond>S1. S_CMP_{EQ,NE,GT,GE,LE,LT}_{I32,U32} SOPC y Compare two source values. SCC = S0 <cond> S1. S_CMPK_{EQ,NE,GT,GE,LE,LT}_{I32,U32} SOPK y Compare Dest SGPR to a constant. SCC = DST<cond> simm16. simm16 is zero-extended (U32) orsign-extended (I32). S_BITCMP0_{B32,B64} SOPC y Test for "is a bit zero". SCC = !S0[S1]. S_BITCMP1_{B32,B64} SOPC y Test for "is a bit one". SCC = S0[S1].5.7. Bit-Wise InstructionsBit-wise instructions operate on 32- or 64-bit data without interpreting it has having a type. Forbit-wise operations if noted in the table below, SCC is set if the result is nonzero.Table 14. Bit-Wise Instructions Instruction Encoding SetsSCC? Operation S_MOV_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D = S0 S_MOVK_I32 SOPK n D = signext(simm16) {S_AND,S_OR,S_XOR}_{B32,B64} SOP2 y D = S0 & S1, S0 OR S1, S0 XOR S1
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Instruction Encoding SetsSCC? Operation {S_ANDN2,S_ORN2}_{B32,B64} SOP2 y D = S0 & ~S1, S0 OR ~S1, S0 XOR ~S1, {S_NAND,S_NOR,S_XNOR}_{B32,B64} SOP2 y D = ~(S0 & S1), ~(S0 OR S1), ~(S0 XOR S1) S_LSHL_{B32,B64} SOP2 y D = S0 << S1[4:0], [5:0] for B64. S_LSHR_{B32,B64} SOP2 y D = S0 >> S1[4:0], [5:0] for B64. S_ASHR_{I32,I64} SOP2 y D = sext(S0 >> S1[4:0]) ([5:0] for I64). S_BFM_{B32,B64} SOP2 n Bit field mask. D = ((1 << S0[4:0]) - 1) << S1[4:0]. S_BFE_U32, S_BFE_U64S_BFE_I32, S_BFE_I64(signed/unsigned) SOP2 y Bit Field Extract, then sign-extend result for I32/64instructions.S0 = data,S1[5:0] = offset, S1[22:16]= width. S_NOT_{B32,B64} SOP1 y D = ~S0. S_WQM_{B32,B64} SOP1 y D = wholeQuadMode(S0). If any bit in a group offour is set to 1, set the resulting group of four bitsall to 1. S_QUADMASK_{B32,B64} SOP1 y D[0] = OR(S0[3:0]), D[1]=OR(S0[7:4]), etc. S_BREV_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D = S0[0:31] are reverse bits. S_BCNT0_I32_{B32,B64} SOP1 y D = CountZeroBits(S0). S_BCNT1_I32_{B32,B64} SOP1 y D = CountOneBits(S0). S_FF0_I32_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D = Bit position of first zero in S0 starting fromLSB. -1 if not found. S_FF1_I32_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D = Bit position of first one in S0 starting from LSB.-1 if not found. S_FLBIT_I32_{B32,B64} SOP1 n Find last bit. D = the number of zeros before thefirst one starting from the MSB. Returns -1 if none. S_FLBIT_I32S_FLBIT_I32_I64 SOP1 n Count how many bits in a row (from MSB to LSB)are the same as the sign bit. Return -1 if the inputis zero or all 1’s (-1). 32-bit pseudo-code:if (S0 == 0 || S0 == -1) D = -1elseD = 0for (I = 31 .. 0)if (S0[I] == S0[31])D++else breakThis opcode behaves the same as V_FFBH_I32. S_BITSET0_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D[S0[4:0], [5:0] for B64] = 0 S_BITSET1_{B32,B64} SOP1 n D[S0[4:0], [5:0] for B64] = 1
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Instruction Encoding SetsSCC? Operation S_{and,or,xor,andn2,orn2,nand,nor,xnor}_SAVEEXEC_B64 SOP1 y Save the EXEC mask, then apply a bit-wiseoperation to it.D = EXECEXEC = S0 <op> EXECSCC = (exec != 0) S_{ANDN{1,2}_WREXEC_B64 SOP1 y N1: EXEC, D = ~S0 & EXECN2: EXEC, D = S0 & ~EXECBoth D and EXEC get the same result. SCC =(result != 0). S_MOVRELS_{B32,B64}S_MOVRELD_{B32,B64} SOP1 n Move a value into an SGPR relative to the value inM0.MOVERELS: D = SGPR[S0+M0]MOVERELD: SGPR[D+M0] = S0 Index must be even for 64. M0 is an unsignedindex.5.8. Access InstructionsThese instructions access hardware internal registers.Table 15. Hardware Internal Registers Instruction Encoding SetsSCC? Operation S_GETREG_B32 SOPK* n Read a hardware register into the LSBs of D. S_SETREG_B32 SOPK* n Write the LSBs of D into a hardware register. (Note that D is asource SGPR.) Must add an S_NOP between two consecutiveS_SETREG to the same register. S_SETREG_IMM32_B32 SOPK* n S_SETREG where 32-bit data comes from a literal constant (sothis is a 64-bit instruction format).The hardware register is specified in the DEST field of the instruction, using the values in thetable above. Some bits of the DEST specify which register to read/write, but additional bitsspecify which bits in the register to read/write: SIMM16 = {size[4:0], offset[4:0], hwRegId[5:0]}; offset is 0..31, size is 1..32.Table 16. Hardware Register Values Code Register Description 0 reserved 1 MODE R/W. 2 STATUS Read only.
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Code Register Description 3 TRAPSTS R/W. 4 HW_ID Read only. Debug only. 5 GPR_ALLOC Read only. {sgpr_size, sgpr_base, vgpr_size, vgpr_base }. 6 LDS_ALLOC Read only. {lds_size, lds_base}. 7 IB_STS Read only. {valu_cnt, lgkm_cnt, exp_cnt, vm_cnt}. 8 - 15 reserved. 16 TBA_LO Trap base address register [31:0]. 17 TBA_HI Trap base address register [47:32]. 18 TMA_LO Trap memory address register [31:0]. 19 TMA_HI Trap memory address register [47:32].Table 17. IB_STS Code Register Description VM_CNT 23:22,3:0 Number of VMEM instructions issued but not yet returned. EXP_CNT 6:4 Number of GDS issued but have not yet read their data from VGPRs. LGKM_CNT 11:8 LDS, GDS, Constant-memory and Message instructions issued-but-not-completed count. VALU_CNT 14:12 Number of VALU instructions outstanding for this wavefront.Table 18. GPR_ALLOC Code Register Description VGPR_BASE 5:0 Physical address of first VGPR assigned to this wavefront, as [7:2] VGPR_SIZE 13:8 Number of VGPRs assigned to this wavefront, as [7:2]. 0=4 VGPRs, 1=8 VGPRs, etc. SGPR_BASE 21:16 Physical address of first SGPR assigned to this wavefront, as [7:3]. SGPR_SIZE 27:24 Number of SGPRs assigned to this wave, as [7:3]. 0=8 SGPRs, 1=16 SGPRs, etc.Table 19. LDS_ALLOC Code Register Description LDS_BASE 7:0 Physical address of first LDS location assigned to this wavefront, in units of 64 Dwords. LDS_SIZE 20:12 Amount of LDS space assigned to this wavefront, in units of 64 Dwords.
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Chapter 6. Vector ALU OperationsVector ALU instructions (VALU) perform an arithmetic or logical operation on data for each of 64threads and write results back to VGPRs, SGPRs or the EXEC mask.Parameter interpolation is a mixed VALU and LDS instruction, and is described in the DataShare chapter.6.1. Microcode EncodingsMost VALU instructions are available in two encodings: VOP3 which uses 64-bits of instructionand has the full range of capabilities, and one of three 32-bit encodings that offer a restricted setof capabilities. A few instructions are only available in the VOP3 encoding. The only instructionsthat cannot use the VOP3 format are the parameter interpolation instructions.When an instruction is available in two microcode formats, it is up to the user to decide which touse. It is recommended to use the 32-bit encoding whenever possible.The microcode encodings are shown below.VOP2 is for instructions with two inputs and a single vector destination. Instructions that have acarry-out implicitly write the carry-out to the VCC register.
VOP1 is for instructions with no inputs or a single input and one destination.
VOPC is for comparison instructions.
VOP3 is for instructions with up to three inputs, input modifiers (negate and absolute value), andoutput modifiers. There are two forms of VOP3: one which uses a scalar destination field (usedonly for div_scale, integer add and subtract); this is designated VOP3b. All other instructionsuse the common form, designated VOP3a.
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Any of the 32-bit microcode formats may use a 32-bit literal constant, but not VOP3.VOP3P is for instructions that use "packed math": They perform the operation on a pair of inputvalues that are packed into the high and low 16-bits of each operand; the two 16-bit results arewritten to a single VGPR as two packed values.
VOP3P-MAI is a varation of the VOP3P format for use with the Matrix Arithmetic Instructions
(MAI).
6.2. OperandsAll VALU instructions take at least one input operand (except V_NOP and V_CLREXCP). Thedata-size of the operands is explicitly defined in the name of the instruction. For example,V_MAD_F32 operates on 32-bit floating point data.6.2.1. Instruction InputsVALU instructions can use any of the following sources for input, subject to restrictions listedbelow:•VGPRs.•SGPRs.•Inline constants - constant selected by a specific VSRC value.•Literal constant - 32-bit value in the instruction stream. When a literal constant is used witha 64bit instruction, the literal is expanded to 64 bits by: padding the LSBs with zeros forfloats, padding the MSBs with zeros for unsigned ints, and by sign-extending signed ints.•LDS direct data read.•M0.•EXEC mask.Limitations
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•At most one SGPR can be read per instruction, but the value can be used for more thanone operand.•At most one literal constant can be used, and only when an SGPR or M0 is not used as asource.•Only SRC0 can use LDS_DIRECT (see Chapter 10, "Data Share Operations").Limitations for ConstantsVALU "ADDC", "SUBB" and CNDMASK all implicitly use anSGPR value (VCC), so these instructions cannot use an additional SGPR or literalconstant.Instructions using the VOP3 form and also using floating-point inputs have the option ofapplying absolute value (ABS field) or negate (NEG field) to any of the input operands.6.2.1.1. Literal Expansion to 64 bitsLiteral constants are 32-bits, but they can be used as sources which normally require 64-bitdata:•64 bit float: the lower 32-bit are padded with zero.•64-bit unsigned integer: zero extended to 64 bits•64-bit signed integer: sign extended to 64 bits6.2.2. Instruction OutputsVALU instructions typically write their results to VGPRs specified in the VDST field of themicrocode word. A thread only writes a result if the associated bit in the EXEC mask is set to 1.All V_CMPX instructions write the result of their comparison (one bit per thread) to both anSGPR (or VCC) and the EXEC mask.Instructions producing a carry-out (integer add and subtract) write their result to VCC when usedin the VOP2 form, and to an arbitrary SGPR-pair when used in the VOP3 form.When the VOP3 form is used, instructions with a floating-point result can apply an outputmodifier (OMOD field) that multiplies the result by: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0. Optionally, the result canbe clamped (CLAMP field) to the range [0.0, +1.0].Output modifiers apply only to floating point results and are ignored for integer or bit results.Output modifiers are not compatible with output denormals: if output denormals are enabled,then output modifiers are ignored. If output demormals are disabled, then the output modifier isapplied and denormals are flushed to zero. Output modifiers are not IEEE compatible: -0 isflushed to +0. Output modifiers are ignored if the IEEE mode bit is set to 1.
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In the table below, all codes can be used when the vector source is nine bits; codes 0 to 255can be the scalar source if it is eight bits; codes 0 to 127 can be the scalar source if it is sevenbits; and codes 256 to 511 can be the vector source or destination.Table 20. Instruction Operands Value Name Description 0-101 SGPR 0 .. 101 102 FLATSCR_LO Flat Scratch[31:0]. 103 FLATSCR_HI Flat Scratch[63:32]. 104 XNACK_MASK_LO 105 XNACK_MASK_HI 106 VCC_LO vcc[31:0]. 107 VCC_HI vcc[63:32]. 108-123 TTMP0 to TTMP 15 Trap handler temps (privileged). 124 M0 125 reserved 126 EXEC_LO exec[31:0]. 127 EXEC_HI exec[63:32]. 128 0 129-192 int 1.. 64 Integer inline constants. 193-208 int -1 .. -16 209-234 reserved Unused. 235 SHARED_BASE Memory Aperture definition. 236 SHARED_LIMIT 237 PRIVATE_BASE 238 PRIVATE_LIMIT 239 POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID Primitive Ordered Pixel Shading wave ID. 240 0.5 Single, double, or half-precision inline floats.1/(2*PI) is 0.15915494.The exact value used is:half: 0x3118single: 0x3e22f983double: 0x3fc45f306dc9c882 241 -0.5 242 1.0 243 -1.0 244 2.0 245 -2.0 246 4.0 247 -4.0 248 1/(2*PI)
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Value Name Description 249 SDWA Sub Dword Address (only valid as Source-0) 250 DPP DPP over 16 lanes (only valid as Source-0) 251 VCCZ { zeros, VCCZ } 252 EXECZ { zeros, EXECZ } 253 SCC { zeros, SCC } 254 LDS direct Use LDS direct read to supply 32-bit value Vector-alu instructions only. 255 Literal constant 32-bit constant from instruction stream. 256-511 VGPR 0 .. 2556.2.3. Out-of-Range GPRsWhen a source VGPR is out-of-range, the instruction uses as input the value from VGPR0.When the destination GPR is out-of-range, the instruction executes but does not write theresults.6.3. InstructionsThe table below lists the complete VALU instruction set by microcode encoding, except forVOP3P instructions which are listed in a later section.Table 21. VALU Instruction Set VOP3 VOP3 - 1-2 operand opcodes VOP2 VOP1 V_MAD_LEGACY_F32  V_ADD_F64  V_ADD_{ F16,F32,U16,U32}  V_NOP V_MAD_{F16,I16,U16,F32}   V_MUL_F64   V_SUB_{ F16,F32,U16,U32}  V_MOV_B32 V_MAD_LEGACY_{F16,U16,I16}  V_MIN_F64  V_SUBREV_{ F16,F32,U16,U32} V_MAD_I32_I24  V_MAX_F64  V_ADD_CO_U32  V_READFIRSTLANE_B32 V_MAD_U32_U24  V_LDEXP_F64  V_SUB_CO_U32  V_CVT_F32_{I32,U32,F16,F64 } V_CUBEID_F32  V_MUL_LO_U32  V_SUBREV_CO_U32  V_CVT_{I32,U32,F16,F64}_F32 V_CUBESC_F32  V_MUL_HI_{I32,U32}  V_ADDC_U32  V_CVT_{I32,U32}_F64 V_CUBETC_F32  V_LSHLREV_B64  V_SUBB_U32  V_CVT_F64_{I32,U32} V_CUBEMA_F32  V_LSHRREV_B64  V_SUBBREV_U32  V_CVT_F32_UBYTE{0,1,2,3} V_BFE_{U32 , I32 }  V_ASHRREV_I64  V_CVT_F16_{U16, I16}
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VOP3 VOP3 - 1-2 operand opcodes VOP2 VOP1 V_FMA_{ F16, F32 ,F64}  V_LDEXP_F32  V_MUL_{F16, F32}  V_CVT_RPI_I32_F32 V_FMA_LEGACY_F16  V_READLANE_B32  V_MUL_I32_I24  V_CVT_FLR_I32_F32 V_BFI_B32  V_WRITELANE_B32  V_MUL_HI_I32_I24  V_CVT_OFF_F32_I4 V_LERP_U8  V_BCNT_U32_B32  V_MUL_U32_U24  V_FRACT_{ F16,F32,F64} V_ALIGNBIT_B32  V_MBCNT_LO_U32_B32  V_MUL_HI_U32_U24  V_TRUNC_{ F16,F32, F64} V_ALIGNBYTE_B32  V_MBCNT_HI_U32_B32  V_MIN_{ F16,U16,I16,F32,I32,U32} V_CEIL_{ F16,F32, F64} V_MIN3_{F32,I32,U32}  V_CVT_PKACCUM_U8_F32  V_MAX_{ F16,U16,I16,F32,I32,U32} V_RNDNE_{ F16,F32, F64} V_MAX3_{F32,I32,U32}  V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F32  V_LSHRREV_{ B16,B32}  V_FLOOR_{ F16,F32, F64} V_MED3_{F32,I32,U32}  V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F32  V_ASHRREV_{I16,I32}  V_EXP_{ F16,F32} V_SAD_{U8, HI_U8, U16,U32}  V_CVT_PKRTZ_F16_F32  V_LSHLREV_{ B16,B32}  V_LOG_ {F16,F32} V_CVT_PK_U8_F32  V_CVT_PK_U16_U32  V_AND_B32  V_RCP_{ F16,F32,F64} V_DIV_FIXUP_{F16,F32,F64}  V_CVT_PK_I16_I32  V_OR_B32  V_RCP_IFLAG_F32 V_DIV_FIXUP_LEGACY_F16  V_XOR_B32  V_RSQ_{ F16,F32, F64} V_DIV_SCALE_{F32,F64}  V_BFM_B32  V_MAC_{ F16,F32}  V_SQRT_{ F16,F32,F64} V_DIV_FMAS_{F32,F64}  V_INTERP_P1_F32  V_MADMK_{ F16,F32}  V_SIN_ {F16,F32} V_MSAD_U8  V_INTERP_P2_F32  V_MADAK_{ F16,F32}  V_COS_ {F16,F32} V_QSAD_PK_U16_U8  V_INTERP_MOV_F32  V_CNDMASK_B32  V_NOT_B32 V_MQSAD_PK_U16_U8  V_INTERP_P1LL_F16  V_LDEXP_F16  V_BFREV_B32 V_MQSAD_PK_U32_U8  V_INTERP_P1LV_F16  MUL_LO_U16  V_FFBH_{U32, I32} V_TRIG_PREOP_F64  V_INTERP_P2_F16  V_FFBL_B32 V_MAD_{U64_U32,I64_I32}  V_INTERP_P2_LEGACY_F16  V_DOT2C_F32_F16 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64 V_MUL_LEGACY_F32 V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F16  V_DOT2C_I32_I16  V_FREXP_MANT_{F16,F32,64} V_FMAC_F64 V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F16  V_DOT4C_I32_I8  V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F32 V_MAD_U32_U16  V_DOT8C_I32_I4  V_FREXP_EXP_I16_F16 V_MAD_I32_I16  V_PK_FMAC_F16  V_CLREXCP V_XAD_U32  V_ACCVGPR_MOV_B32 V_MIN3_{F16,I16,U16}  V_CVT_NORM_I16_F16 V_MAX3_{F16,I16,U16}  V_CVT_NORM_U16_F16 V_MED3_{F16,I16,U16}  V_SAT_PK_U8_I16 V_CVT_PKNORM_{I16_F16,U16_F16} V_READLANE_REGRD_B32  V_SWAP_B32
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VOP3 VOP3 - 1-2 operand opcodes VOP2 VOP1 V_PACK_B32_F16  V_SCREEN_PARTITION_4SE_B32The next table lists the compare instructions.Table 22. VALU Instruction Set Op Formats Functions Result V_CMP I16, I32, I64, U16,U32, U64 F, LT, EQ, LE, GT, LG, GE, T Write VCC.. V_CMPX Write VCC andexec. V_CMP F16, F32, F64 F, LT, EQ, LE, GT, LG, GE, T,O, U, NGE, NLG, NGT, NLE, NEQ, NLT(o = total order, u = unordered,N = NaN or normal compare) Write VCC. V_CMPX Write VCC andexec. V_CMP_CLASS F16, F32, F64 Test for one of: signaling-NaN, quiet-NaN,positive or negative: infinity, normal, subnormal, zero. Write VCC. V_CMPX_CLASS Write VCC andexec.6.4. Denormalized and Rounding ModesThe shader program has explicit control over the rounding mode applied and the handling ofdenormalized inputs and results. The MODE register is set using the S_SETREG instruction; ithas separate bits for controlling the behavior of single and double-precision floating-pointnumbers.Note: that V_DOT2 instructions operating on floating point data do not support denormal androunding modes. They always flush input and output denorms.Table 23. Round and Denormal Modes Field Bit Position Description FP_ROUND 3:0 [1:0] Single-precision round mode.[3:2] Double/Half-precision round mode.Round Modes: 0=nearest even; 1= +infinity; 2= -infinity, 3= toward zero. FP_DENORM 7:4 [5:4] Single-precision denormal mode.[7:6] Double/Half-precision denormal mode.Denormal modes:0 = Flush input and output denorms.1 = Allow input denorms, flush output denorms.2 = Flush input denorms, allow output denorms.3 = Allow input and output denorms.
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6.5. ALU Clamp Bit UsageWhen using V_CMP instructions, setting the clamp bit to 1 indicates that the compare signals ifa floating point exception occurs. For integer operations, it clamps the result to the largest andsmallest representable value. For floating point operations, it clamps the result to the range:[0.0, 1.0].6.6. VGPR IndexingVGPR Indexing allows a value stored in the M0 register to act as an index into the VGPRs eitherfor the source or destination registers in VALU instructions.6.6.1. Indexing InstructionsThe table below describes the instructions which enable, disable and control VGPR indexing.Table 24. VGPR Indexing Instructions Instruction Encoding SetsSCC? Operation S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF SOPP N Disable VGPR indexing mode. Sets: mode.gpr_idx_en = 0. S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON SOPC N Enable VGPR indexing, and set the index value and modefrom an SGPR. mode.gpr_idx_en = 1M0[7:0] = S0.u[7:0]M0[15:12] = SIMM4 S_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX SOP1 N Set the VGPR index value:M0[7:0] = S0.u[7:0] S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE SOPP N Change the VGPR indexing mode, which is stored inM0[15:12].M0[15:12] = SIMM4Indexing is enabled and disabled by a bit in the MODE register: gpr_idx_en. When enabled, twofields from M0 are used to determine the index value and what it applies to:•M0[7:0] holds the unsigned index value, added to selected source or destination VGPRaddresses.•M0[15:12] holds a four-bit mask indicating to which source or destination the index isapplied.M0[15] = dest_enable.M0[14] = src2_enable.M0[13] = src1_enable.M0[12] = src0_enable.Indexing only works on VGPR source and destinations, not on inline constants or SGPRs. It is
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illegal for the index attempt to address VGPRs that are out of range.6.6.2. VGPR Indexing DetailsThis section describes how VGPR indexing is applied to instructions that use source anddestination registers in unusual ways. The table below shows which M0 bits control indexing ofthe sources and destination registers for these specific instructions. Instruction Microcode Encodes VALU Receives M0[15](dst) M0[15](s2) M0[15](s1) M0[12](s0) v_readlane sdst = src0, SS1 x x x src0 v_readfirstlane sdst = func(src0) x x x src0 v_writelane dst = func(ss0, ss1) dst x x x v_mac_* dst = src0 * src1 + dst mad: dst, src0, src1,src2 dst, s2 x src1 src0 v_madak dst = src0 * src1 + imm mad: dst, src0, src1,src2 dst x src1 src0 v_madmk dst = S0 * imm + src1 mad: dst, src0, src1,src2 dst src2 x src0 v_*sh*_rev dst = S1 << S0 <shift> (src1, src0) dst x src1 src0 v_cvt_pkaccum uses dst as src2 dst, s2 x src1 src0 SDWA (dest preserve,sub-Dword mask) uses dst as src2 forread-mod-write dst, s2 where:src= vector sourceSS = scalar sourcedst = vector destinationsdst = scalar destination6.7. Packed MathCDNA supports packed math, which performs operations on two 16-bit values within a Dwordas if they were separate elements. For example, a packed add of V0=V1+V2 is really twoseparate adds: adding the low 16 bits of each Dword and storing the result in the low 16 bits ofV0, and adding the high halves.Packed math uses the instructions below and the microcode format "VOP3P". This format addsop_sel and neg fields for both the low and high operands, and removes ABS and OMOD.Packed Math Opcodes:
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V_PK_MAD_I16 V_PK_MUL_LO_U16 V_PK_ADD_I16 V_PK_SUB_I16 V_PK_LSHLREV_B16 V_PK_LSHRREV_B16 V_PK_ASHRREV_I16 V_PK_MAX_I16 V_PK_MIN_I16 V_PK_MAD_U16 V_PK_ADD_U16 V_PK_SUB_U16 V_PK_MAX_U16 V_PK_MIN_U16 V_PK_FMA_F16 V_PK_ADD_F16 V_PK_MUL_F16 V_PK_MIN_F16 V_PK_MAX_F16 V_MAD_MIX_F32 V_MAD_MIXLO_F16 V_MAD_MIXHI_F16 V_PK_FMA_F32 V_PK_MUL_F32
V_MAD_MIX_* are not packed math, but perform a single Multiply-Addoperation on a mixture of 16- and 32-bit inputs. The Mulitply-add isperformed as an FMA - fused multiply-add. They are listed here becausethey use the VOP3P encoding. Packed 32-bit instructions operate on 2 dwords at a time and those operandsmust be two-dword aligned (i.e. an even VGPR address). Output modifiersare not supported for these instructions. OPSEL and OPSEL_HI work toselect the first or second DWORD for each source.
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Chapter 7. Matrix Arithmetic Instructions(MAI)MAI is an extension to CDNA architecture shader instruction set supporting the new MachineIntelligence SIMD (miSIMD). The new miSIMD has its own VGPR file: the Accumulation ("Acc")GPRs. This is separate from the normal (Architectural, or "Arch") VGPRs in the original SIMD.Shader I/O can only use both types of VGPRs. Instructions have an ACC bit to indicate if data istransferred to/from architectural or accumulation VGPRs.The primary operation of the miSIMD is a 4-way DOT product:   D.f32 = A.f16[0] * B.f16[0] + A.f16[1] * B.f16[1] +  A.f16[2] * B.f16[2] + A.f16[3] * B.f16[3] + C.f32The diagram below illustrates how these new MFMA operations can be used to perform matrixmultiplication:
The dot product uses 4 matrices: A, B, C and D.The A and B matrices are source data and can come from either Arch or Acc VGPRs. The Cmatrix is the accumulation source matrix, and comes from Acc VGPRs. The D matrix is theresult matrix, and uses the Acc VGPRs.Data can be moved between the ACC and ARCH VGPRs via the V_ACCVGPR_READ andV_ACCVGPR_WRITE instructions.
7.1. Matrix Arithmetic OpcodesThese instructions use the VOP3P-MAI instruction encoding.Matrix-Fused-Multiply-Add (MFMA) instructions perform the dot-product and support mixed
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precision. The first format specifier (F32 or I32) indicates the data format of the C and Dmatrices, and the final format specifier (F32, F16, I8 or BF16) indicates the data format of the Aand B matrices.MFMA Instruction Naming: V_MFMA_CDFmt_MxNxKABFmt•CDfmt is the data format of the C & D matrices•ABfmt is the data format of the A & B matrices•Partial results of the calculation are performed in CDfmtM, N and K are matrix dimensions:•mA[M][K] Source A matrix•mB[K][N] Source B matrix•mC[M][N] Accumulation input matrix C•mD[M][N] Accumulation result matrix CTable 25. VOP3P-MAI VALU Opcodes: Instruction Variants Description V_MFMA_F32_{*}F32 32x32x116x16x14x4x132x32x216x16x4 Matrix multiply, using FMA with F32 A & B matrices.Supports denorm allow/flush from MODE.denorm. V_MFMA_F32_{*}F16 32x32x416x16x44x4x432x32x816x16x16 Matrix multiply, using FMA with F16 A & B matrices. Flushesinput and output denorms. V_MFMA_I32_{*}I8 32x32x416x16x44x4x432x32x816x16x16 Matrix multiply, using FMA with I8 A & B matrices. V_MFMA_F32_{*}_BF16 32x32x216x16x24x4x232x32x416x16x8 Matrix multiply, using FMA with BF16 A & B matrices.Flushes input and output denorms.
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Instruction Variants Description V_MFMA_{*}_BF16_1K 4x4x416x16x416x16x1632x32x432x32x816x16x16 Matrix multiply, using FMA with BF16. Flushes input andoutput denorms. V_MFMA_F64_{*}_F64 16x16x44x4x4 Matrix Multiply on F64 data. Ignores MODE and forces:round to nearest even, allow input and output denorms.MFMA instructions do not support the following inline constants:•SGPRs, SRC_SHARED*, SRC_PRIVATE*, DPP, SDWA, VCCZ, EXECZ, SCC,LDS_DIRECT, LITERAL•The following inline constants are interpreted as FP32 for all V_MFMA and V_ACCVGPRinstructions:0.5, -0,5, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, 4.0, -4.0The miSIMD does not support arithmetic exceptions.7.2. Dependency Resolution: Required NOPsThe table below indicates timing conditions which require the user to insert NOPs (orindependent instructions).DLopDot productsXDLOPMatrix mathTable 26. VOP3P-MAI Opcodes Required NOPs First Instruction Second Instruction SW InsertedWaits (NOPs) Comments VALU op (non-DLop) writesVGPR V_MFMA 2 - DL op writesVGPR DLop reads VGPR as SrcC andopcode is the same as previousop 0 Supports same opcode of DLops back-to-back SrcC forwarding which is used foraccumulation DLop reads VGPR as SrcA orSrcB and opcode is the same 3 - Different opcode 3 -
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First Instruction Second Instruction SW InsertedWaits (NOPs) Comments XDL op writesVGPR V_MFMA reads VGPR as SrcCthe same as previous op 0 - XDL reads VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with first Vdst 2 if 1st isV_MFMA 2pass - 8 if 1st isV_MFMA 8pass - 16 if 1st isV_MFMA 16pass - DGEMM reads VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with first Vdst 3 if 1st isV_MFMA 2pass - 9 if 1st isV_MFMA 8pass - 17 if 1st isV_MFMA 16pass - V_MFMA reads VGPR as SrcA orSrcB 5 if 1st isV_MFMA 2pass - 11 if 1st isV_MFMA 8pass - 19 if 1st isV_MFMA 16pass - VMEM, LDS, Flat orverlappedwith 1st Vdst, or VALU read/writeVGPR 5 if 1st isV_MFMA 2pass - 11 if 1st isV_MFMA 8pass - 19 if 1st isV_MFMA 16pass -
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First Instruction Second Instruction SW InsertedWaits (NOPs) Comments XDL Read VGPRSrcC VALU writes VGPR (WAR hazard) 1 if 1st isV_MFMA 2pass - 11 if 1st isV_MFMA 8pass - 19 if 1st isV_MFMA 16pass - V_MFMA_16x16x4_F64 V_MFMA_16x16x4_F64 readsVGPR as SrcC same as Vdst offirst op 0 the two MFMA must have the same numberof passes DGEMM read VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with 1st Vdst 9 - XDL reads VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with first Vdst 0 - DGEMM reads VGPR as SrcA orSrcB 11 - XDL reads VGPR as SrcA or SrcB 11 - VALU read/writes VGPR 11 - VMEM, LDS, Flat reads VGPRoverlapped with first Vdst 18 - V_MFMA_4x4x4_F64 V_MFMA_4xx4_F64 reads VGPRas SrcC same as Vdst of first op 4 the two MFMA must have the same numberof passes DGEMM read VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with 1st Vdst 4 - XDL reads VGPR as SrcCoverlapped with first Vdst 0 - DGEMM reads VGPR as SrcA orSrcB 6 - XDL reads VGPR as SrcA or SrcB 6 - VALU read/writes VGPR 6 - VMEM, LDS, Flat reads VGPRoverlapped with first Vdst 9 - V_CMPX writesEXEC V_MFMA_* 4 -•"DGEMM" means V_MFMA…F64•"XDL" means V_MFMA…{I8, F16, BF16, F32}
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Chapter 8. Scalar Memory OperationsScalar Memory Read (SMEM) instructions allow a shader program to load data from memoryinto SGPRs through the Scalar Data Cache, or write data from SGPRs to memory through theScalar Data Cache. Instructions can read from 1 to 16 Dwords, or write 1 to 4 Dwords at a time.Data is read directly into SGPRs without any format conversion.The scalar unit reads and writes consecutive Dwords between memory and the SGPRs. This isintended primarily for loading ALU constants and for indirect T#/S# lookup. No data formatting issupported, nor is byte or short data.8.1. Microcode EncodingScalar memory read, write and atomic instructions are encoded using the SMEM microcodeformat.
The fields are described in the table below:
Table 27. SMEM Encoding Field Descriptions Field Size Description OP 8 Opcode. IMM 1 Determines how the OFFSET field is interpreted.IMM=1 : Offset is a 20-bit unsigned byte offset to the address.IMM=0 : Offset[6:0] specifies an SGPR or M0 which provides an unsigned byte offset (for stores,must be M0). STORE and ATOMIC instructions cannot use an SGPR: only imm or M0. GLC 1 Globally Coherent.For loads, controls L1 cache policy: 0=hit_lru, 1=miss_evict.For stores, controls L1 cache bypass: 0=write-combine, 1=write-thru.For atomics, "1" indicates that the atomic returns the pre-op value. SDATA 7 SGPRs to return read data to, or to source write-data from.Reads of two Dwords must have an even SDST-sgpr.Reads of four or more Dwords must have their DST-gpr aligned to a multiple of 4.SDATA must be: SGPR or VCC. Not: exec or m0. SBASE 6 SGPR-pair (SBASE has an implied LSB of zero) which provides a base address, or for BUFFERinstructions, a set of 4 SGPRs (4-sgpr aligned) which hold the resource constant. For BUFFERinstructions, the only resource fields used are: base, stride, num_records. OFFSET 20 An unsigned byte offset, or the address of an SGPR holding the offset. Writes and atomics: M0 orimmediate only, not SGPR. NV 1 Non-volatile.
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Field Size Description SOE 1 Scalar Offset Enable.8.2. Operations8.2.1. S_LOAD_DWORD, S_STORE_DWORDThese instructions load 1-16 Dwords or store 1-4 Dwords between SGPRs and memory. Thedata in SGPRs is specified in SDATA, and the address is composed of the SBASE, OFFSET,and SOFFSET fields.8.2.1.1. Scalar Memory AddressingS_LOAD / S_STORE / S_DACHE_DISCARD: ADDR = SGPR[base] + inst_offset + { M0 or SGPR[offset] or zero }S_SCRATCH_LOAD / S_SCRATCH_STORE: ADDR = SGPR[base] + inst_offset + { M0 or SGPR[offset] or zero } * 64Use of offset fields: IMM SOFFSET_EN (SOE) Address 0 0 SGPR[base] + (SGPR[offset] or M0) 0 1 SGPR[base] + (SGPR[soffset] or M0) 1 0 SGPR[base] + inst_offset 1 1 SGPR[base] + inst_offset + (SGPR[soffset] or M0)All components of the address (base, offset, inst_offset, M0) are in bytes, but the two LSBs areignored and treated as if they were zero. S_DCACHE_DISCARD ignores the six LSBs to makethe address 64-byte-aligned.It is illegal and undefined if the inst_offset is negative and the resulting(inst_offset + (M0 or SGPR[offset])) is negative.Scalar access to private space must either use a buffer constant or manually convert theaddress:
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Addr = Addr - private_base + private_base_addr + scratch_baseOffset_for_this_wave"Hidden private base" is not available to the shader through hardware: It must be preloaded intoan SGPR or made available through a constant buffer. This is equivalent to what the driver mustdo to calculate the base address from scratch for buffer constants.A scalar instruction must not overwrite its own source registers because the possibility of theinstruction being replayed due to an ATC XNACK. Similarly, instructions in scalar memoryclauses must not overwrite the sources of any of the instructions in the clause. A clause isdefined as a string of memory instructions of the same type. A clause is broken by any non-memory instruction.Atomics are unusual because they are naturally aligned and they must be in a single-instructionclause. By definition, an atomic that returns the pre-op value overwrites its data source, which isacceptable.Reads/Writes/Atomics using Buffer ConstantBuffer constant fields used: base_address, stride, num_records, NV. Other fields are ignored.Scalar memory read/write does not support "swizzled" buffers. Stride is used only for memoryaddress bounds checking, not for computing the address to access.The SMEM supplies only a SBASE address (byte) and an offset (byte or Dword). Any "index *stride" must be calculated manually in shader code and added to the offset prior to the SMEM.The two LSBs of V#.base and of the final address are ignored to force Dword alignment. "m_*" components come from the buffer constant (V#):  offset = IMM ? OFFSET : SGPR[OFFSET]  m_base = { SGPR[SBASE * 2 +1][15:0], SGPR[SBASE] }  m_stride = SGPR[SBASE * 2 +1][31:16]  m_num_records = SGPR[SBASE * 2 + 2]  m_size = (m_stride == 0) ? 1 : m_num_records  m_addr = (SGPR[SBASE * 2] + offset) & ~0x3  SGPR[SDST] = read_Dword_from_dcache(m_base, offset, m_size)  If more than 1 dword is being read, it is returned to SDST+1, SDST+2, etc,  and the offset is incremented by 4 bytes per DWORD.8.2.2. Scalar Atomic OperationsThe scalar memory unit supports the same set of memory atomics as the vector memory unit.Addressing is the same as for scalar memory loads and stores. Like the vector memoryatomics, scalar atomic operations can return the "pre-operation value" to the SDATA SGPRs.
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This is enabled by setting the microcode GLC bit to 1.8.2.3. S_DCACHE_INV, S_DCACHE_WBThis instruction invalidates, or does a "write back" of dirty data, for the entire data cache. It doesnot return anything to SDST.8.2.4. S_MEMTIMEThis instruction reads a 64-bit clock counter into a pair of SGPRs: SDST and SDST+1.8.2.5. S_MEMREALTIMEThis instruction reads a 64-bit "real time-counter" and returns the value into a pair of SGPRS:SDST and SDST+1. The time value is from a constant 25MHz clock (not affected by powermodes or core clock frequency changes).8.3. Dependency CheckingScalar memory reads and writes can return data out-of-order from how they were issued; theycan return partial results at different times when the read crosses two cache lines. The shaderprogram uses the LGKM_CNT counter to determine when the data has been returned to theSDST SGPRs. This is done as follows.•LGKM_CNT is incremented by 1 for every fetch of a single Dword.•LGKM_CNT is incremented by 2 for every fetch of two or more Dwords.•LGKM_CNT is decremented by an equal amount when each instruction completes.Because the instructions can return out-of-order, the only sensible way to use this counter is toimplement S_WAITCNT 0; this imposes a wait for all data to return from previous SMEMsbefore continuing.8.4. Alignment and Bounds CheckingSDSTThe value of SDST must be even for fetches of two Dwords (including S_MEMTIME), or amultiple of four for larger fetches. If this rule is not followed, invalid data can result. If SDSTis out-of-range, the instruction is not executed.
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SBASEThe value of SBASE must be even for S_BUFFER_LOAD (specifying the address of anSGPR which is a multiple of four). If SBASE is out-of-range, the value from SGPR0 is used.OFFSETThe value of OFFSET has no alignment restrictions.Memory Address : If the memory address is out-of-range (clamped), the operation is notperformed for any Dwords that are out-of-range.
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Chapter 9. Vector Memory OperationsVector Memory (VMEM) instructions read or write one piece of data separately for each work-item in a wavefront into, or out of, VGPRs. This is in contrast to Scalar Memory instructions,which move a single piece of data that is shared by all threads in the wavefront. All VectorMemory (VM) operations are processed by the texture cache system (level 1 and level 2caches).Software initiates a load, store or atomic operation through the texture cache through one ofthree types of VMEM instructions:•MTBUF: Memory typed-buffer operations.•MUBUF: Memory untyped-buffer operations.•MIMG: Memory image operations.The instruction defines which VGPR(s) supply the addresses for the operation, which VGPRssupply or receive data from the operation, and a series of SGPRs that contain the memorybuffer descriptor (V# or T#). Also, MIMG operations supply a texture sampler from a series offour SGPRs; this sampler defines texel filtering operations to be performed on data read fromthe image.9.1. Vector Memory Buffer InstructionsVector-memory (VM) operations transfer data between the VGPRs and buffer objects in memorythrough the texture cache (TC). Vector means that one or more piece of data is transferreduniquely for every thread in the wavefront, in contrast to scalar memory reads, which transferonly one value that is shared by all threads in the wavefront.Buffer reads have the option of returning data to VGPRs or directly into LDS.Examples of buffer objects are vertex buffers, raw buffers, stream-out buffers, and structuredbuffers.Buffer objects support both homogeneous and heterogeneous data, but no filtering of read-data(no samplers). Buffer instructions are divided into two groups:•MUBUF: Untyped buffer objects.Data format is specified in the resource constant.Load, store, atomic operations, with or without data format conversion.•MTBUF: Typed buffer objects.Data format is specified in the instruction.The only operations are Load and Store, both with data format conversion.Atomic operations take data from VGPRs and combine them arithmetically with data already in
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memory. Optionally, the value that was in memory before the operation took place can bereturned to the shader.All VM operations use a buffer resource constant (V#) which is a 128-bit value in SGPRs. Thisconstant is sent to the texture cache when the instruction is executed. This constant defines theaddress and characteristics of the buffer in memory. Typically, these constants are fetched frommemory using scalar memory reads prior to executing VM instructions, but these constants alsocan be generated within the shader.9.1.1. Simplified Buffer AddressingThe equation below shows how the hardware calculates the memory address for a bufferaccess.
9.1.2. Buffer InstructionsBuffer instructions (MTBUF and MUBUF) allow the shader program to read from, and write to,linear buffers in memory. These operations can operate on data as small as one byte, and up tofour Dwords per work-item. Atomic arithmetic operations are provided that can operate on thedata values in memory and, optionally, return the value that was in memory before the arithmeticoperation was performed.The D16 instruction variants convert the results to packed 16-bit values. For example,BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZW will write two VGPRs.Table 28. Buffer Instructions Instruction Description MTBUF Instructions TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_{x,xy,xyz,xyzw}TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_{x,xy,xyz,xyzw} Read from, or write to, a typed buffer object. Also used for a vertexfetch. MUBUF Instructions BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_{x,xy,xyz,xyzw}BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_{x,xy,xyz,xyzw}BUFFER_LOAD_<size>BUFFER_STORE_<size> Read to, or write from, an untyped buffer object.<size> = byte, ubyte, short, ushort, Dword, Dwordx2, Dwordx3,Dwordx4 BUFFER_ATOMIC_<op>BUFFER_ATOMIC_<op>_ x2Table 29. Microcode Formats
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Field Bit Size Description OP 47 MTBUF: Opcode for Typed buffer instructions.MUBUF: Opcode for Untyped buffer instructions. VADDR 8 Address of VGPR to supply first component of address (offset or index). When both index andoffset are used, index is in the first VGPR, offset in the second. VDATA 8 Address of VGPR to supply first component of write data or receive first component of read-data. SOFFSET 8 SGPR to supply unsigned byte offset. Must be an SGPR, M0, or inline constant. SRSRC 5 Specifies which SGPR supplies T# (resource constant) in four or eight consecutive SGPRs.This field is missing the two LSBs of the SGPR address, since this address must be aligned toa multiple of four SGPRs. DFMT 4 Data Format of data in memory buffer:0 invalid1 82 163 8_84 325 16_166 10_11_117 11_11_108 10_10_10_29 2_10_10_1010 8_8_8_811 32_3212 16_16_16_1613 32_32_3214 32_32_32_3215 reserved NFMT 3 Numeric format of data in memory:0 unorm1 snorm2 uscaled3 sscaled4 uint5 sint6 reserved7 float OFFSET 12 Unsigned byte offset. OFFEN 1 1 = Supply an offset from VGPR (VADDR). 0 = Do not (offset = 0). IDXEN 1 1 = Supply an index from VGPR (VADDR). 0 = Do not (index = 0).
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Field Bit Size Description GLC 1 Globally Coherent. Controls how reads and writes are handled by the L1 texture cache.READGLC = 0 Reads can hit on the L1 and persist across wavefrontsGLC = 1 Reads miss the L1 and force fetch to L2. No L1 persistence across waves.WRITEGLC = 0 Writes miss the L1, write through to L2, and persist in L1 across wavefronts.GLC = 1 Writes miss the L1, write through to L2. No persistence across wavefronts.ATOMICGLC = 0 Previous data value is not returned. No L1 persistence across wavefronts.GLC = 1 Previous data value is returned. No L1 persistence across wavefronts.Note: GLC means "return pre-op value" for atomics. SLC 1 System Level Coherent. When set, sets "streaming" mode in the L2 cache which should beused for non-temoporal accesses. ACC 1 VDATA is Accumulation VGPR reserved 1 must set to zero can return a NACK that causes a VGPR write into DST+1 (first GPR after allfetch-dest GPRs). LDS 1 MUBUF-ONLY: 0 = Return read-data to VGPRs. 1 = Return read-data to LDS instead ofVGPRs.9.1.3. VGPR UsageVGPRs supply address and write-data; also, they can be the destination for return data (theother option is LDS).AddressZero, one or two VGPRs are used, depending of the offset-enable (OFFEN) and index-enable (IDXEN) in the instruction word, as shown in the table below:Table 30. Address VGPRs IDXEN OFFEN VGPRn VGPRn+1 0 0 nothing 0 1 uint offset 1 0 uint index 1 1 uint index uint offsetWrite Data : N consecutive VGPRs, starting at VDATA. The data format specified in theinstruction word (NFMT, DFMT for MTBUF, or encoded in the opcode field for MUBUF)determines how many Dwords to write.Read Data : Same as writes. Data is returned to consecutive GPRs.Read Data Format : Read data is 32 bits, based on the data format in the instruction orresource. Float or normalized data is returned as floats; integer formats are returned as integers
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(signed or unsigned, same type as the memory storage format). Memory reads of data inmemory that is 32 or 64 bits do not undergo any format conversion.Atomics with Return : Data is read out of the VGPR(s) starting at VDATA to supply to theatomic operation. If the atomic returns a value to VGPRs, that data is returned to those sameVGPRs starting at VDATA.9.1.4. Buffer DataThe amount and type of data that is read or written is controlled by the following: data-format(dfmt), numeric-format (nfmt), destination-component-selects (dst_sel), and the opcode. Dfmtand nfmt can come from the resource, instruction fields, or the opcode itself. Dst_sel comesfrom the resource, but is ignored for many operations.Table 31. Buffer Instructions Instruction Data Format Num Format DST SEL TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_* instruction instruction identity TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_* instruction instruction identity BUFFER_LOAD_<type> derived derived identity BUFFER_STORE_<type> derived derived identity BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_* resource resource resource BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_* resource resource resource BUFFER_ATOMIC_* derived derived identityInstruction : The instruction’s dfmt and nfmt fields are used instead of the resource’s fields.Data format derived : The data format is derived from the opcode and ignores the resourcedefinition. For example, buffer_load_ubyte sets the data-format to 8 and number-format to uint. The resource’s data format must not be INVALID; that format has specificmeaning (unbound resource), and for that case the data format is notreplaced by the instruction’s implied data format.DST_SEL identity : Depending on the number of components in the data-format, this is: X000,XY00, XYZ0, or XYZW.The MTBUF derives the data format from the instruction. The MUBUFBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT and BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT instructions use dst_sel from theresource; other MUBUF instructions derive data-format from the instruction itself.D16 Instructions : Load-format and store-format instructions also come in a "d16" variant. Forstores, each 32-bit VGPR holds two 16-bit data elements that are passed to the texture unit.
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This texture unit converts them to the texture format before writing to memory. For loads, datareturned from the texture unit is converted to 16 bits, and a pair of data are stored in each 32-bitVGPR (LSBs first, then MSBs). Control over int vs. float is controlled by NFMT.9.1.5. Buffer AddressingA buffer is a data structure in memory that is addressed with an index and an offset. The indexpoints to a particular record of size stride bytes, and the offset is the byte-offset within therecord. The stride comes from the resource, the index from a VGPR (or zero), and the offsetfrom an SGPR or VGPR and also from the instruction itself.Table 32. BUFFER Instruction Fields for Addressing Field Size Description inst_offset 12 Literal byte offset from the instruction. inst_idxen 1 Boolean: get index from VGPR when true, or no index when false. inst_offen 1 Boolean: get offset from VGPR when true, or no offset when false. Note that inst_offset ispresent, regardless of this bit.The "element size" for a buffer instruction is the amount of data the instruction transfers. It isdetermined by the DFMT field for MTBUF instructions, or from the opcode for MUBUFinstructions. It can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 bytes.Table 33. V# Buffer Resource Constant Fields for Addressing Field Size Description const_base 48 Base address, in bytes, of the buffer resource. const_stride 14or18 Stride of the record in bytes (0 to 16,383 bytes, or 0 to 262,143bytes). Normally 14 bits, but is extended to 18-bits when:const_add_tid_enable = true used with MUBUF instructions whichare not format types (or cache invalidate/WB).This is extension intended for use with scratch (private) buffers. If (const_add_tid_enable && MUBUF-non-format instr.)  const_stride [17:0] = { V#.DFMT[3:0],  V#.const_stride[13:0] }else  const_stride is 14 bits: {4'b0, V#.const_stride[13:0]} const_num_records 32 Number of records in the buffer.In units of Bytes for raw buffers, units of Stride for structured buffers,and ignored for private (scratch) buffers.In units of: (inst_idxen == 1) ? Bytes : Stride
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Field Size Description const_add_tid_enable 1 Boolean. Add thread_ID within the wavefront to the index when true. const_swizzle_enable 1 Boolean. Indicates that the surface is swizzled when true. const_element_size 2 Used only when const_swizzle_en = true. Number of contiguousbytes of a record for a given index (2, 4, 8, or 16 bytes).Must be >= the maximum element size in the structure. const_stridemust be an integer multiple of const_element_size. const_index_stride 2 Used only when const_swizzle_en = true. Number of contiguousindices for a single element (of const_element_size) before switchingto the next element. There are 8, 16, 32, or 64 indices.Table 34. Address Components from GPRs Field Size Description SGPR_offset 32 An unsigned byte-offset to the address. Comes from an SGPR or M0. VGPR_offset 32 An optional unsigned byte-offset. It is per-thread, and comes from a VGPR. VGPR_index 32 An optional index value. It is per-thread and comes from a VGPR.The final buffer memory address is composed of three parts:•the base address from the buffer resource (V#),•the offset from the SGPR, and•a buffer-offset that is calculated differently, depending on whether the buffer is linearlyaddressed (a simple Array-of-Structures calculation) or is swizzled.
Figure 4. Address Calculation for a Linear Buffer
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9.1.5.1. Range CheckingAddresses can be checked to see if they are in or out of range. When an address is out ofrange, reads will return zero, and writes and atomics will be dropped. The address range checkmethod depends on the buffer type.Private (Scratch) BufferUsed when: AddTID==1 && IdxEn==0For this buffer, there is no range checking.Raw BufferUsed when: AddTID==0 && SWizzleEn==0 && IdxEn==0Out of Range if: (InstOffset + (OffEN ? vgpr_offset : 0)) >= NumRecordsStructured BufferUsed when: AddTID==0 && Stride!=0 && IdxEn==1Out of Range if: Index(vgpr) >= NumRecordsNotes:1.Reads that go out-of-range return zero (except for components with V#.dst_sel = SEL_1that return 1).2.Writes that are out-of-range do not write anything.3.Load/store-format-* instruction and atomics are range-checked "all or nothing" - eitherentirely in or out.4.Load/store-Dword-x{2,3,4} and range-check per component.9.1.5.2. Swizzled Buffer AddressingSwizzled addressing rearranges the data in the buffer to help provide improved cache localityfor arrays of structures. Swizzled addressing also requires Dword-aligned accesses. A singlefetch instruction cannot attempt to fetch a unit larger than const-element-size. The buffer’sSTRIDE must be a multiple of element_size.
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Index = (inst_idxen ? vgpr_index : 0) +  (const_add_tid_enable ? thread_id[5:0] : 0)Offset = (inst_offen ? vgpr_offset : 0) + inst_offsetindex_msb = index / const_index_strideindex_lsb = index % const_index_strideoffset_msb = offset / const_element_sizeoffset_lsb = offset % const_element_sizebuffer_offset = (index_msb * const_stride + offset_msb *  const_element_size) * const_index_stride + index_lsb *  const_element_size + offset_lsbFinal Address = const_base + sgpr_offset + buffer_offsetRemember that the "sgpr_offset" is not a part of the "offset" term in the above equations.
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Figure 5. Example of Buffer Swizzling9.1.5.3. Proposed Use Cases for Swizzled AddressingHere are few proposed uses of swizzled addressing in common graphics buffers.
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Table 35. Swizzled Buffer Use Cases DX11 RawUav OpenCLBuffer Object Dx11 Structured(literal offset) Dx11 Structured(gpr offset) Scratch Ring /stream-out ConstBuffer inst_vgpr_offset_en T F T T T T inst_vgpr_index_en F T T F F F const_stride na <api> <api> scratchSize na na const_add_tid_enable F F F T T F const_buffer_swizzle F T T T F F const_elem_size na 4 4 4 or 16 na 4 const_index_stride na 16 16 64 9.1.6. 16-bit Memory OperationsThe D16 buffer instructions allow a kernel to load or store just 16 bits per work item betweenVGPRs and memory. There are two variants of these instructions:•D16 loads data into or stores data from the lower 16 bits of a VGPR.•D16_HI loads data into or stores data from the upper 16 bits of a VGPR.For example, BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 reads a byte per work-item from memory, convertsit to a 16-bit integer, then loads it into the lower 16 bits of the data VGPR.When ECC is enabled 16-bit memory loads write the full 32-bit VGPR. Unused bits are set tozero.9.1.7. AlignmentFor Dword or larger reads or writes, the two LSBs of the byte-address are ignored, thus forcingDword alignment.9.1.8. Buffer ResourceThe buffer resource describes the location of a buffer in memory and the format of the data inthe buffer. It is specified in four consecutive SGPRs (four aligned SGPRs) and sent to thetexture cache with each buffer instruction.
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The table below details the fields that make up the buffer resource descriptor.Table 36. Buffer Resource Descriptor Bits Size Name Description 47:0 48 Base address Byte address. 61:48 14 Stride Bytes 0 to 16383 62 1 Cache swizzle Buffer access. Optionally, swizzle texture cache TC L1 cache banks. 63 1 Swizzle enable Swizzle AOS according to stride, index_stride, and element_size,else linear (stride * index + offset). 95:64 32 Num_records In units of stride or bytes. 98:96 3 Dst_sel_x Destination channel select:0=0, 1=1, 4=R, 5=G, 6=B, 7=A 101:99 3 Dst_sel_y 104:102 3 Dst_sel_z 107:105 3 Dst_sel_w 110:108 3 Num format Numeric data type (float, int, …). See instruction encoding for values. 114:111 4 Data format Number of fields and size of each field. See instruction encoding forvalues. For MUBUF instructions with ADD_TID_EN = 1. This fieldholds Stride [17:14]. 115 1 User VM Enable Resource is mapped via tiled pool / heap. 116 1 User VM mode Unmapped behavior: 0: null (return 0 / drop write); 1:invalid (results inerror) 118:117 2 Index stride 8, 16, 32, or 64. Used for swizzled buffer addressing. 119 1 Add tid enable Add thread ID to the index for to calculate the address. 122:120 3 RSVD Reserved. Must be set to zero. 123 1 NV Non-volatile (0=volatile) 125:124 2 RSVD Reserved. Must be set to zero. 127:126 2 Type Value == 0 for buffer. Overlaps upper two bits of four-bit TYPE field in128-bit T# resource.A resource set to all zeros acts as an unbound texture or buffer (return 0,0,0,0).9.1.9. Memory Buffer Load to LDSThe MUBUF instruction format allows reading data from a memory buffer directly into LDSwithout passing through VGPRs. This is supported for the following subset of MUBUFinstructions.•BUFFER_LOAD_{ubyte, sbyte, ushort, sshort, dword, format_x}.
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LDS_offset = 16-bit unsigned byte offset from M0[15:0].Mem_offset = 32-bit unsigned byte offset from an SGPR (the SOFFSET SGPR).idx_vgpr = index value from a VGPR (located at VADDR). (Zero if idxen=0.)off_vgpr = offset value from a VGPR (located at VADDR or VADDR+1). (Zero if offen=0.)The figure below shows the components of the LDS and memory address calculation:
TIDinWave is only added if the resource (T#) has the ADD_TID_ENABLE field set to 1, whereasLDS adds it. The MEM_ADDR M0 is in the VDATA field; it specifies M0.
9.1.9.1. Clamping RulesMemory address clamping follows the same rules as any other buffer fetch. LDS addressclamping: the return data must not be written outside the LDS space allocated to this wave.•Set the active-mask to limit buffer reads to those threads that return data to a legal LDSlocation.•The LDSbase (alloc) is in units of 32 Dwords, as is LDSsize.•M0[15:0] is in bytes.9.1.10. GLC Bit ExplainedThe GLC bit means different things for loads, stores, and atomic ops.GLC Meaning for Loads•For GLC==0The load can read data from the GPU L1.Typically, all loads (except load-acquire) use GLC==0.•For GLC==1The load intentionally misses the GPU L1 and reads from L2. If there was a line in theGPU L1 that matched, it is invalidated; L2 is reread.
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NOTE: L2 is not re-read for every work-item in the same wave-front for a single loadinstruction. For example: b=uav[N+tid] // assume this is a byte read w/ glc==1 and N isaligned to 64B In the above op, the first Tid of the wavefront brings in the line from L2or beyond, and all 63 of the other Tids read from same 64 B cache line in the L1.GLC Meaning for Stores•For GLC==0 This causes a write-combine across work-items of the wavefront store op;dirtied lines are written to the L2 automatically.If the store operation dirtied all bytes of the 64 B line, it is left clean and valid in the L1;subsequent accesses to the cache are allowed to hit on this cache line.Else do not leave write-combined lines in L1.•For GLC==1 Same as GLC==0, except the write-combined lines are not left in the line,even if all bytes are dirtied.Atomics•For GLC == 0 No return data (this is "write-only" atomic op).•For GLC == 1 Returns previous value in memory (before the atomic operation).9.2. Vector Memory (VM) Image InstructionsVector Memory (VM) operations transfer data between the VGPRs and memory through thetexture cache (TC). Vector means the transfer of one or more pieces of data uniquely for everywork-item in the wavefront. This is in contrast to scalar memory reads, which transfer only onevalue that is shared by all work-items in the wavefront.Examples of image objects are texture maps and typed surfaces.Image objects are accessed using from one to four dimensional addresses; they are composedof homogeneous data of one to four elements. These image objects are read from, or written to,using IMAGE_* or SAMPLE_* instructions, all of which use the MIMG instruction format.IMAGE_LOAD instructions read an element from the image buffer directly into VGPRS, andSAMPLE instructions use sampler constants (S#) and apply filtering to the data after it is read.IMAGE_ATOMIC instructions combine data from VGPRs with data already in memory, andoptionally return the value that was in memory before the operation.All VM operations use an image resource constant (T#) that is a 256-bit value in SGPRs. Thisconstant is sent to the texture cache when the instruction is executed. This constant defines theaddress, data format, and characteristics of the surface in memory. Some image instructionsalso use a sampler constant that is a 128-bit constant in SGPRs. Typically, these constants arefetched from memory using scalar memory reads prior to executing VM instructions, but theseconstants can also be generated within the shader.Texture fetch instructions have a data mask (DMASK) field. DMASK specifies how many data
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components it receives. If DMASK is less than the number of components in the texture, thetexture unit only sends DMASK components, starting with R, then G, B, and A. if DMASKspecifies more than the texture format specifies, the shader receives zero for the missingcomponents.9.2.1. Image InstructionsThis section describes the image instruction set, and the microcode fields available to thoseinstructions.Table 37. Image Instructions MIMG Description SAMPLE_* Read and filter data from a image object. IMAGE_LOAD_<op> Read data from an image object using one of the following: image_load,image_load_mip, image_load_{pck, pck_sgn, mip_pck, mip_pck_sgn}. IMAGE_STOREIMAGE_STORE_MIP Store data to an image object. Store data to a specific mipmap level. IMAGE_ATOMIC_<op> Image atomic operation, which is one of the following: swap, cmpswap, add, sub,rsub, {u,s}{min,max}, and, or, xor, inc, decTable 38. Instruction Fields Field Bit Size Description OP 7 Opcode. VADDR 8 Address of VGPR to supply first component of address. VDATA 8 Address of VGPR to supply first component of write data or receive first component of read-data. SSAMP 5 SGPR to supply S# (sampler constant) in four consecutive SGPRs. Missing two LSBs of SGPR-address since must be aligned to a multiple of four SGPRs. SRSRC 5 SGPR to supply T# (resource constant) in four or eight consecutive SGPRs. Missing two LSBsof SGPR-address since must be aligned to a multiple of four SGPRs. UNRM 1 Force address to be un-normalized regardless of T#. Must be set to 1 for image stores andatomics. DA 1 Shader declared an array resource to be used with this fetch.When 1, the shader provides an array-index with the instruction.When 0, no array index is provided. DMASK 4 Data VGPR enable mask: one to four consecutive VGPRs. Reads: defines which componentsare returned.0 = red, 1 = green, 2 = blue, 3 = alphaWrites: defines which components are written with data from VGPRs (missing components get0). Enabled components come from consecutive VGPRs.For example: DMASK=1001: Red is in VGPRn and alpha in VGPRn+1. For D16 writes, DMASKis used only as a word count: each bit represents 16 bits of data to be written, starting at theLSBs of VADDR, the MSBs, VADDR+1, etc. Bit position is ignored.
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Field Bit Size Description GLC 1 Globally Coherent. Controls how reads and writes are handled by the L1 texture cache.READ:GLC = 0 Reads can hit on the L1 and persist across waves.GLC = 1 Reads miss the L1 and force fetch to L2. No L1 persistence across waves.WRITE:GLC = 0 Writes miss the L1, write through to L2, and persist in L1 across wavefronts.GLC = 1 Writes miss the L1, write through to L2. No persistence across wavefronts.ATOMIC:GLC = 0 Previous data value is not returned. No L1 persistence across wavefronts.GLC = 1 Previous data value is returned. No L1 persistence across wavefronts. SLC 1 System Level Coherent. When set, sets "streaming" mode in the L2 cache which should beused for non-temopora ACC 1 VDATA is Accumulation VGPR reserved 1 must be set to zero a NACK, which causes a VGPR write into DST+1 (first GPR after all fetch-dest GPRs). LWE 1 LOD Warning Enable. When set to 1, a texture fetch may return "LOD_CLAMPED=1". A16 1 Address components are 16-bits (instead of the usual 32 bits). When set, all addresscomponents are 16 bits (packed into two per Dword), except:Texel offsets (three 6-bit uint packed into one Dword).PCF reference (for _C instructions).Address components are 16-bit uint for image ops without sampler; 16-bit float with sampler. D16 1 VGPR-Data-16bit. On loads, convert data in memory to 16-bit format before storing it in VGPRs.For stores, convert 16-bit data in VGPRs to 32 bits before going to memory. Whether the data istreated as float or int is decided by NFMT. Allowed only with these opcodes:IMAGE_SAMPLEIMAGE_LOADIMAGE_LOAD_MIPIMAGE_STOREIMAGE_STORE_MIP9.3. Image Opcodes with No SamplerFor image opcodes with no sampler, all VGPR address values are taken as uint. For cubemaps,face_id = slice * 6 + face.The table below shows the contents of address VGPRs for the various image opcodes.Table 39. Image Opcodes with No Sampler Image Opcode(Resource w/o Sampler) Acnt dim VGPRn VGPRn+1 VGPRn+2 VGPRn+3 get_resinfo 0 Any mipid
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Image Opcode(Resource w/o Sampler) Acnt dim VGPRn VGPRn+1 VGPRn+2 VGPRn+3 load / store / atomics 0 1D x 1 1D Array x slice 1 2D x y 2 2D MSAA x y fragid 2 2D Array x y slice 3 2D Array MSAA x y slice fragid 2 3D x y z 2 Cube x y face_id load_mip / store_mip 1 1D x mipid 2 1D Array x slice mipid 2 2D x y mipid 3 2D Array x y slice mipid 3 3D x y z mipid 3 Cube x y face_id mipid9.4. Image Opcodes with a SamplerFor image opcodes with a sampler, all VGPR address values are taken as float. For cubemaps,face_id = slice * 8 + face.Table 40. Image Opcodes with Sampler Image Opcode(w/ Sampler) Acnt dim VGPRn VGPRn+1 VGPRn+2 VGPRn+3 sample 0 1D x 1 1D Array x slice 1 2D x y 2 2D interlaced x y field 2 2D Array x y slice 2 3D x y z 2 Cube x y face_id 9.4.1. VGPR UsageAddress: The address consists of up to four parts:
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These are all packed into consecutive VGPRs. Image Dim Vgpr N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 1D DX/DH DX/DV - - - - 2D DX/DH DY/DH DX/DV DY/DV - - 3D DX/DH DY/DH DZ/DH DX/DV DY/DV DZ/DV•Body: One to four Dwords, as defined by the table: Image Opcodes with a Sampler Addresscomponents are X,Y,Z,W with X in VGPR_M, Y in VGPR_M+1, etc. The number ofcomponents in "body" is the value of the ACNT field in the table, plus one.•Data: Written from, or returned to, one to four consecutive VGPRs. The amount of data reador written is determined by the DMASK field of the instruction.•Reads: DMASK specifies which elements of the resource are returned to consecutiveVGPRs. The texture system reads data from memory and based on the data formatexpands it to a canonical RGBA form, filling in zero or one for missing components. Then,DMASK is applied, and only those components selected are returned to the shader.•Writes: When writing an image object, it is only possible to write an entire element (allcomponents), not just individual components. The components come from consecutiveVGPRs, and the texture system fills in the value zero for any missing components of theimage’s data format; it ignores any values that are not part of the stored data format. Forexample, if the DMASK=1001, the shader sends Red from VGPR_N, and Alpha fromVGPR_N+1, to the texture unit. If the image object is RGB, the texel is overwritten with Redfrom the VGPR_N, Green and Blue set to zero, and Alpha from the shader ignored.•Atomics: Image atomic operations are supported only on 32- and 64-bit-per pixel surfaces.The surface data format is specified in the resource constant. Atomic operations treat theelement as a single component of 32- or 64-bits. For atomic operations, DMASK is set tothe number of VGPRs (Dwords) to send to the texture unit. DMASK legal values for atomicimage operations: no other values of DMASK are legal.0x1 = 32-bit atomics except cmpswap.0x3 = 32-bit atomic cmpswap.0x3 = 64-bit atomics except cmpswap.0xf = 64-bit atomic cmpswap.•Atomics with Return: Data is read out of the VGPR(s), starting at VDATA, to supply to theatomic operation. If the atomic returns a value to VGPRs, that data is returned to thosesame VGPRs starting at VDATA.•D16 Instructions: Load-format and store-format instructions also come in a "d16" variant.For stores, each 32-bit VGPR holds two 16-bit data elements that are passed to the textureunit. The texture unit converts them to the texture format before writing to memory. Forloads, data returned from the texture unit is converted to 16 bits, and a pair of data arestored in each 32- bit VGPR (LSBs first, then MSBs). The DMASK bit represents individual16- bit elements; so, when DMASK=0011 for an image-load, two 16-bit components areloaded into a single 32-bit VGPR.
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9.4.2. Image ResourceThe image resource (also referred to as T#) defines the location of the image buffer in memory,its dimensions, tiling, and data format. These resources are stored in four or eight consecutiveSGPRs and are read by MIMG instructions.Table 41. Image Resource Definition Bits Size Name Comments 128-bit Resource: 1D-tex, 2d-tex, 2d-msaa (multi-sample auto-aliasing) 39:0 40 base address 256-byte aligned. Also used for fmask-ptr. 51:40 12 min lod 4.8 (four uint bits, eight fraction bits) format. 57:52 6 data format Number of comps, number of bits/comp. 61:58 4 num format Numeric format. 62 1 NV Non-volatile (0=volatile) 77:64 14 width width-1 of mip0 in texels 91:78 14 height height-1 of mip0 in texels 94:92 3 perf modulation Scales sampler’s perf_z, perf_mip, aniso_bias, lod_bias_sec. 98:96 3 dst_sel_x 0 = 0, 1 = 1, 4 = R, 5 = G, 6 = B, 7 = A. 101:99 3 dst_sel_y 104:102 3 dst_sel_z 107:105 3 dst_sel_w 111:108 4 base level largest mip level in the resource view. For msaa, set to zero. 115:112 4 last level For msaa, holds number of samples 120:116 5 Tiling index Lookuptable: 32 x 16bank_width[2], bank_height[2], num_banks[2], tile_split[2],macro_tile_aspect[2], micro_tile_mode[2], array_mode[4]. 127:124 4 type 0 = buf, 8 = 1d, 9 = 2d, 10 = 3d, 11 = cube, 12 = 1d-array, 13 = 2d-array, 14 = 2d-msaa, 15 = 2d-msaa-array. 1-7 are reserved. 256-bit Resource: 1d-array, 2d-array, 3d, cubemap, MSAA 140:128 13 depth depth-1 of mip0 for 3d map 156:141 16 pitch In texel units. 159:157 3 border color swizzle Specifies the channel ordering for border color independent of the T#dst_sel fields. 0=xyzw, 1=xwyz, 2=wqyx, 3=wxyz, 4=zyxw, 5=yxwz 176:173 4 Array Pitch array pitch for quilts, encoded as: trunc(log2(array_pitch))+1 184:177 8 meta data address bits[47:40] 185 1 meta_linear forces metadata surface to be linear 186 1 meta_pipe_aligned maintain pipe alignment in metadata addressing 187 1 meta_rb_aligned maintain RB alignment in metadata addressing
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Bits Size Name Comments 191:188 4 Max Mip Resource mipLevel-1. Describes the resource, as opposed tobase_level and last_level, which describes the resouce view. ForMSAA, holds log2(number of samples). 203:192 12 min LOD warn Feedback trigger for LOD, in U4.8 format. 211:204 8 counter bank ID PRT counter ID 212 1 LOD hardwarecount enable PRT hardware counter enable 213 1 CompressionEnable enable delta color compression 214 1 Alpha is on MSB Set to 1 if the surface’s component swap is not reversed (DCC) 215 1 Color Transform Auto=0, none=1 (DCC) 255:216 40 Meta Data Address Upper bits of meta-data address (DCC) [47:8]All image resource view descriptors (T#'s) are written by the driver as 256 bits.The MIMG-format instructions have a DeclareArray (DA) bit that reflects whether the shaderwas expecting an array-texture or simple texture to be bound. When DA is zero, the hardwaredoes not send an array index to the texture cache. If the texture map was indexed, the hardwaresupplies an index value of zero. Indices sent for non-indexed texture maps are ignored.9.4.3. Image SamplerThe sampler resource (also referred to as S#) defines what operations to perform on texturemap data read by sample instructions. These are primarily address clamping and filter options.Sampler resources are defined in four consecutive SGPRs and are supplied to the texturecache with every sample instruction.Table 42. Image Sampler Definition Bits Size Name Description 2:0 3 clamp x Clamp/wrap mode. 5:3 3 clamp y 8:6 3 clamp z 11:9 3 max aniso ratio 14:12 3 depth compare func 15 1 force unnormalized Force address cords to be unorm. 18:16 3 aniso threshold 19 1 mc coord trunc 20 1 force degamma
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Bits Size Name Description 26:21 6 aniso bias u1.5. 27 1 trunc coord 28 1 disable cube wrap 30:29 2 filter_mode Normal lerp, min, or max filter. 31 1 compat_mode 1 = new mode; 0 = legacy 43:32 12 min lod u4.8. 55:44 12 max lod u4.8. 59:56 4 perf_mip 63:60 4 perf z 77:64 14 lod bias s5.8. 83:78 6 lod bias sec s1.4. 85:84 2 xy mag filter Magnification filter. 87:86 2 xy min filter Minification filter. 89:88 2 z filter 91:90 2 mip filter 92 1 mip_point_preclamp When mipfilter = point, add 0.5 before clamping. 93 1 disable_lsb_ceil Disable ceiling logic in filter (rounds up). 94 1 Filter_Prec_Fix 95 1 Aniso_override Disable Aniso filtering if base_level = last_level 107:96 12 border color ptr 125:108 18 unused 127:126 2 border color type Opaque-black, transparent-black, white, use border color ptr.9.4.4. Data FormatsThe table below shows the image and buffer data formats:
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9.4.5. Vector Memory Instruction Data DependenciesWhen a VM instruction is issued, the address is immediately read out of VGPRs and sent to thetexture cache. Any texture or buffer resources and samplers are also sent immediately.However, write-data is not immediately sent to the texture cache.The shader developer’s responsibility to avoid data hazards associated with VMEM instructionsinclude waiting for VMEM read instruction completion before reading data fetched from the TC(VMCNT).This is explained in the section: Data Dependency Resolution
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9.5. Float Memory AtomicsFloating point memory atomics are executed in LDS and in the L2 cache. They can be issued asLDS, GDS, Buffer, Flat, Global, and Scratch instructions.This chapter explains the rules for rounding, denormals and NaN for floating point atomics.9.5.1. Rounding of Float AtomicsAll float atomic ADD opcodes use "Round to Nearest-Even" rounding.9.5.2. Denormal (Subnormal) HandlingWhen atomics operate on floating point data, there is the possibility of the data continaingdenormal numbers, or the operation producing a denormal.Denormals: The floating point atomic instructions have the option of passing denormal valuesthrough, or flushing them to zero. This is controlled with the MODE.denorm bits which alsocontrol VALU denormal behavior. As with VALU ops, “denorm_single” affects F32 ops and“denorm_double” affects F64 and F16. Some atomics have fixed denormal handling behavior.LDS instructions allows denormals to be passed through or flushed to zero based on theMODE.denormal wave-state register.•Float 16 and 32 bit Adder uses both input and output denorm flush controls from MODE•Float 64 bit adder never flushes denorms lds_tcc_atomic_adder_f64.inf_nan_clamp=0•Float CMP, MIN and MAX use only the “input denormal” flushing controlEach input to the comparisons will flush the mantissa of both operands to zero beforethe compare if the exponent is zero and the flush denorm control is active. For Min andMax the actual result returned is the selected non-flushed input.CompareStore (“compare swap”) flushes the result when input denormal flushingoccurs.Table 43. Denorm Handling Rules for Memory Ops Atomic type LDS Handling L2 Cache Handling PK_ADD_F16 N/A Never Flush Denorms ADD_F32 Mode Always Flush Denorms Min/MAX_F32 Mode N/A CMPST_F32 Mode N/A MIN/MAX_F64 Mode Never Flush Denorms CMPST_F64 Mode N/A ADD_F64 Never Flush Denorms Never Flush Denorms
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•“Always Flush” = flush all input denorm•“Never Flush” = don’t flush input denorm•“Mode” = denormal flush controlled by bit from shader’s “MODE . fp_denorm” register•“Mode + reg” = “Mode” from above, but there exists an override register to flush output ornot.Note that MIN and MAX when flushing denormals only do it for the comparison, but the result isan unmodified copy of one of the sources. CompareStore (“compare swap”) flushes the resultwhen input denormal flushing occurs.9.5.3. NaN HandlingNot A Number (“NaN”) is a IEEE-754 value representing a result which cannot be computed.There two types of NaN: quiet and signaling•Quiet NaN Exponent=0xFF, Mantissa MSB=1•Singaling NaN Exponent=0xFF, Mantissa MSB=0 and at least one other mantissa bit ==1The LDS does not produce any exception or “signal” due to a signaling NaN.DS_ADD_F32 can create a quiet NaN, or propagate NaN from its inputs: if either input is a NaN,the output will be that same NaN, and if both inputs are NaN, the NaN from the first input isselected as the output. Signaling NaN is converted to Quiet NaN.Floating point atomics (CMPSWAP, MIN, MAX) flush input denormals only whenMODE (allow_input_denorm)=0, otherwise values are passed through without modification.When flushing, denorms will be flushed before the operation (i.e. before the comparison).FP Max Selection Rules:if (src0 == SNaN) result = QNaN (src0)else if (src1 == SNaN) result = QNaN (src1)else result = larger of (src0, src1)“Larger” order from smallest to largest: QNaN, -inf, -float, -denorm, -0, +0, +denorm,+float, +inf FP Min Selection Rules:if (src0 == SNaN) result = QNaN (src0)else if (src1 == SNaN) result = QNaN (src1)else result = smaller of (src0, src1)“Smaller” order from smallest to largest: -inf, -float, -denorm, -0, +0, +denorm, +float, +inf,QNaN
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FP Compare Swap: only swap if the compare condition (==) is true, treating +0 and -0 as equaldoSwap = (src0 != NaN) && (src1 != NaN) && (src0 == src1) // allow +0 == -0 Float Add rules:1.-INF + INF = QNAN (mantissa is all zeros except MSB)2.-+/-INF + NAN = QNAN (NAN input is copied to output but made quiet NAN)3.-0 + 0 = +04.INF + (float, +0, -0) = INF, with infinity sign preserved5.NaN + NaN = SRC0’s NaN, converted to QNaN
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Chapter 10. Flat Memory InstructionsFlat Memory instructions read, or write, one piece of data into, or out of, VGPRs; they do thisseparately for each work-item in a wavefront. Unlike buffer or image instructions, Flatinstructions do not use a resource constant to define the base address of a surface. Instead,Flat instructions use a single flat address from the VGPR; this addresses memory as a singleflat memory space. This memory space includes video memory, system memory, LDS memory,and scratch (private) memory. Parts of the flat memory space may not map to any real memory,and accessing these regions generates a memory-violation error. The determination of thememory space to which an address maps is controlled by a set of "memory aperture" base andsize registers.10.1. Flat Memory InstructionFlat memory instructions let the kernel read or write data in memory, or perform atomicoperations on data already in memory. These operations occur through the texture L2 cache.The instruction declares which VGPR holds the address (either 32- or 64-bit, depending on thememory configuration), the VGPR which sends and the VGPR which receives data. Flatinstructions also use M0 as described in the table below:Table 44. Flat, Global and Scratch Microcode Formats Field Bit Size Description OP 7 Opcode. Can be Flat, Scratch or Global instruction. See next table. ADDR 8 VGPR which holds the address. For 64-bit addresses, ADDR has the LSBs, and ADDR+1 hasthe MSBs. DATA 8 VGPR which holds the first Dword of data. Instructions can use 0-4 Dwords. VDST 8 VGPR destination for data returned to the kernel, either from LOADs or Atomics with GLC=1(return pre-op value). SLC 1 System Level Coherent. Used in conjunction with GLC to determine cache policies. GLC 1 Global Level Coherent. For Atomics, GLC: 1 means return pre-op value, 0 means do ACC 1 VDATA is Accumulation VGPR reserved 1 must be set to zero not return pre-op value. SEG 2 Memory Segment: 0=FLAT, 1=SCRATCH, 2=GLOBAL, 3=reserved. LDS 1 When set, data is moved between LDS and memory instead of VGPRs and memory. For Globaland Scratch only; must be zero for Flat. NV 1 Non-volatile. When set, the read/write is operating on non-volatile memory. OFFSET 13 Address offset.Scratch, Global: 13-bit signed byte offset.Flat: 12-bit unsigned offset (MSB is ignored).
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Field Bit Size Description SADDR 7 Scalar SGPR that provides an offset address. To disable, set this field to 0x7F. Meaning of thisfield is different for Scratch and Global:Flat: Unused.Scratch: Use an SGPR (instead of VGPR) for the address.Global: Use the SGPR to provide a base address; the VGPR provides a 32-bit offset. M0 16 Implied use of M0 for SCRATCH and GLOBAL only when LDS=1. Provides the LDS address-offset.Table 45. Flat, Global and Scratch Opcodes Flat Opcodes Global Opcodes Scratch Opcodes FLAT GLOBAL SCRATCH FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI FLAT_LOAD_USHORT GLOBAL_LOAD_USHORT SCRATCH_LOAD_USHORT FLAT_LOAD_SSHORT GLOBAL_LOAD_SSHORT SCRATCH_LOAD_SSHORT FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16 GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16 SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16 FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI FLAT_LOAD_DWORD GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORD SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORD FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX2 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX2 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX2 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX3 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX3 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX3 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX4 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX4 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX4 FLAT_STORE_BYTE GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE FLAT_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI FLAT_STORE_SHORT GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT FLAT_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI FLAT_STORE_DWORD GLOBAL_STORE_DWORD SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD FLAT_STORE_DWORDX2 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX2 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX2 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX3 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX3 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX3 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX4 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX4 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX4 FLAT_ATOMIC_SWAP GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SWAP none FLAT_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP GLOBAL_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP none FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD none
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Flat Opcodes Global Opcodes Scratch Opcodes FLAT_ATOMIC_SUB GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SUB none FLAT_ATOMIC_SMIN GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMIN none FLAT_ATOMIC_UMIN GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMIN none FLAT_ATOMIC_SMAX GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMAX none FLAT_ATOMIC_UMAX GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMAX none FLAT_ATOMIC_AND GLOBAL_ATOMIC_AND none FLAT_ATOMIC_OR GLOBAL_ATOMIC_OR none FLAT_ATOMIC_XOR GLOBAL_ATOMIC_XOR none FLAT_ATOMIC_INC GLOBAL_ATOMIC_INC none FLAT_ATOMIC_DEC GLOBAL_ATOMIC_DEC none none GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_F32 none none GLOBAL_ATOMIC_PK_ADD_F16 none The atomic instructions above are also available in "_X2" versions (64-bit).10.2. InstructionsThe FLAT instruction set is nearly identical to the Buffer instruction set, but without the FORMATreads and writes. Unlike Buffer instructions, FLAT instructions cannot return data directly toLDS, but only to VGPRs.FLAT instructions do not use a resource constant (V#) or sampler (S#); however, they do requirea specific SGPR-pair to hold scratch-space information in case any threads' address resolves toscratch space. See the Scratch section for details.Internally, FLAT instruction are executed as both an LDS and a Buffer instruction; so, theyincrement both VM_CNT and LGKM_CNT and are not considered done until both have beendecremented. There is no way beforehand to determine whether a FLAT instruction uses onlyLDS or TA memory space.10.2.1. OrderingFlat instructions can complete out of order with each other. If one flat instruction finds all of itsdata in Texture cache, and the next finds all of its data in LDS, the second instruction mightcomplete first. If the two fetches return data to the same VGPR, the result are unknown.10.2.2. Important Timing ConsiderationSince the data for a FLAT load can come from either LDS or the texture cache, and because
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these units have different latencies, there is a potential race condition with respect to theVM_CNT and LGKM_CNT counters. Because of this, the only sensible S_WAITCNT value touse after FLAT instructions is zero.10.3. AddressingFLAT instructions support both 64- and 32-bit addressing. The address size is set using a moderegister (PTR32), and a local copy of the value is stored per wave.The addresses for the aperture check differ in 32- and 64-bit mode; however, this is not coveredhere.64-bit addresses are stored with the LSBs in the VGPR at ADDR, and the MSBs in the VGPR atADDR+1.For scratch space, the texture unit takes the address from the VGPR and does the following. Address = VGPR[addr] + TID_in_wave * Size  - private aperture base (in SH_MEM_BASES)  + offset (from flat_scratch)10.3.1. AtomicsFloat atomics must set GLC=0 (no return value).Memory atomics are performed in the last level texture cache so they are not known to beatomic with host memory access. Memory atomics which attempt to access host memory that isnon-cacheable will be silently dropped.FP32 atomic operations flush denormals to zero, and both FP64 and FP16 atomic never flushdenormals. The rounding mode is fixed and "round to nearest even".10.4. GlobalGlobal instructions are similar to Flat instructions, but the programmer must ensure that nothreads access LDS space; thus, no LDS bandwidth is used by global instructions.Global instructions offer two types of addressing:•Memory_addr = VGPR-address + instruction offset.•Memory_addr = SGPR-address + VGPR-offset + instruction offset.The size of the address component is dependent on ADDRESS_MODE: 32-bits or 64-bit
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pointers. The VGPR-offset is 32 bits.These instructions also allow direct data movement between LDS and memory without goingthrough VGPRs.Since these instructions do not access LDS, only VM_CNT is used, not LGKM_CNT. If a globalinstruction does attempt to access LDS, the instruction returns MEM_VIOL.10.5. ScratchScratch instructions are similar to Flat, but the programmer must ensure that no threads accessLDS space, and the memory space is swizzled. Thus, no LDS bandwidth is used by scratchinstructions.Scratch instructions also support multi-Dword access and mis-aligned access (although mis-aligned is slower).Scratch instructions use the following addressing:•Memory_addr = flat_scratch.addr + swizzle(V/SGPR_offset + inst_offset, threadID)•The offset can come from either an SGPR or a VGPR, and is a 32- bit unsigned byte.The size of the address component is dependent on the ADDRESS_MODE: 32-bits or 64-bitpointers. The VGPR-offset is 32 bits.These instructions also allow direct data movement between LDS and memory without goingthrough VGPRs.Since these instructions do not access LDS, only VM_CNT is used, not LGKM_CNT. It is notpossible for a Scratch instruction to access LDS; thus, no error or aperture checking is done.10.6. Memory Error CheckingBoth TA and LDS can report that an error occurred due to a bad address. This can occur in thefollowing cases:•invalid address (outside any aperture)•write to read-only surface•misaligned data•out-of-range address:LDS access with an address outside the range: [ 0, MIN(M0, LDS_SIZE)-1 ]Scratch access with an address outside the range: [0, scratch-size -1 ]The policy for threads with bad addresses is: writes outside this range do not write a value, and
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reads return zero.Addressing errors from either LDS or TA are returned on their respective "instruction done"busses as MEM_VIOL. This sets the wave’s MEM_VIOL TrapStatus bit and causes anexception (trap) if the corresponding EXCPEN bit is set.10.7. DataFLAT instructions can use zero to four consecutive Dwords of data in VGPRs and/or memory.The DATA field determines which VGPR(s) supply source data (if any), and the VDST VGPRshold return data (if any). No data-format conversion is done.10.8. Scratch Space (Private)Scratch (thread-private memory) is an area of memory defined by the aperture registers. Whenan address falls in scratch space, additional address computation is automatically performed bythe hardware. The kernel must provide additional information for this computation to occur in theform of the FLAT_SCRATCH register.The FLAT_SCRATCH address is automatically sent with every FLAT request.FLAT_SCRATCH is a 64-bit, byte address. The shader composes the value by adding togethertwo separate values: the base address, which can be passed in via an initialized SGPR, orperhaps through a constant buffer, and the per-wave allocation offset (also initialized in anSGPR).
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Chapter 11. Data Share OperationsLocal data share (LDS) is a very low-latency, RAM scratchpad for temporary data with at leastone order of magnitude higher effective bandwidth than direct, uncached global memory. Itpermits sharing of data between work-items in a work-group, as well as holding parameters forpixel shader parameter interpolation. Unlike read-only caches, the LDS permits high-speedwrite-to-read re-use of the memory space (full gather/read/load and scatter/write/storeoperations).11.1. OverviewThe figure below shows the conceptual framework of the LDS is integration into the memory ofAMD GPUs using OpenCL.
Figure 6. High-Level Memory ConfigurationPhysically located on-chip, directly next to the ALUs, the LDS can be approximately one order ofmagnitude faster than global memory (assuming no bank conflicts).There are 64 kB memory per compute unit, segmented into 32 banks of 512 Dwords. Each bankis a 256x32 two-port RAM (1R/1W per clock cycle). Dwords are placed in the banks serially, butall banks can execute a store or load simultaneously. One work-group can request up to 64 kBmemory. Reads across wavefront are dispatched over four cycles in waterfall.The high bandwidth of the LDS memory is achieved not only through its proximity to the ALUs,
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but also through simultaneous access to its memory banks. Thus, it is possible to concurrentlyexecute 32 write or read instructions, each nominally 32-bits; extended instructions,read2/write2, can be 64-bits each. If, however, more than one access attempt is made to thesame bank at the same time, a bank conflict occurs. In this case, for indexed and atomicoperations, hardware prevents the attempted concurrent accesses to the same bank by turningthem into serial accesses. This can decrease the effective bandwidth of the LDS. For optimalthroughput (optimal efficiency), therefore, it is important to avoid bank conflicts. A knowledge ofrequest scheduling and address mapping can be key to help achieving this.11.2. Dataflow in Memory HierarchyThe figure below is a conceptual diagram of the dataflow within the memory structure.
To load data into LDS from global memory, it is read from global memory and placed into thework-item’s registers; then, a store is performed to LDS. Similarly, to store data into globalmemory, data is read from LDS and placed into the workitem’s registers, then placed into globalmemory. To make effective use of the LDS, a kernel must perform many operations on what istransferred between global memory and LDS. It also is possible to load data from a memorybuffer directly into LDS, bypassing VGPRs.LDS atomics are performed in the LDS hardware. (Thus, although ALUs are not directly used forthese operations, latency is incurred by the LDS executing this function.)
11.3. LDS AccessThe LDS is accessed in one of three ways:•Direct Read
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•Parameter Read•Indexed or AtomicThe following subsections describe these methods.11.3.1. LDS Direct ReadsLDS Direct reads occur in vector ALU (VALU) instructions and allow the LDS to supply a singleDWORD value which is broadcast to all threads in the wavefront and is used as the SRC0 inputto the ALU operations. A VALU instruction indicates that input is to be supplied by LDS by usingthe LDS_DIRECT for the SRC0 field.The LDS address and data-type of the data to be read from LDS comes from the M0 register: LDS_addr = M0[15:0] (byte address and must be Dword aligned)DataType = M0[18:16]  0 unsigned byte  1 unsigned short  2 Dword  3 unused  4 signed byte  5 signed short11.3.2. Data Share Indexed and Atomic AccessOnly LDS can perform indexed and atomic data share operations, not GDS.Indexed and atomic operations supply a unique address per work-item from the VGPRs to theLDS, and supply or return unique data per work-item back to VGPRs. Due to the internalbanked structure of LDS, operations can complete in as little as two cycles, or take as many 64cycles, depending upon the number of bank conflicts (addresses that map to the same memorybank).Indexed operations are simple LDS load and store operations that read data from, and returndata to, VGPRs.Atomic operations are arithmetic operations that combine data from VGPRs and data in LDS,and write the result back to LDS. Atomic operations have the option of returning the LDS "pre-op" value to VGPRs.The table below lists and briefly describes the LDS instruction fields.Table 46. LDS Instruction Fields
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Field Size Description OP 7 LDS opcode. GDS 1 0 = LDS, 1 = GDS. OFFSET0 8 Immediate offset, in bytes. Instructions with one address combine the offset fields into a single 16-bit unsigned offset: {offset1, offset0}. Instructions with two addresses (for example: READ2) usethe offsets separately as two 8- bit unsigned offsets. OFFSET1 8 VDST 8 VGPR to which result is written: either from LDS-load or atomic return value. ADDR 8 VGPR that supplies the byte address offset. DATA0 8 VGPR that supplies first data source. DATA1 8 VGPR that supplies second data source.All LDS operations require that M0 be initialized prior to use. M0 contains a size value that canbe used to restrict access to a subset of the allocated LDS range. If no clamping is wanted, setM0 to 0xFFFFFFFF.Table 47. LDS Indexed Load/Store Load / Store Description DS_READ_{B32,B64,B96,B128,U8,I8,U16,I16} Read one value per thread; sign extend to Dword, if signed. DS_READ2_{B32,B64} Read two values at unique addresses. DS_READ2ST64_{B32,B64} Read 2 values at unique addresses; offset *= 64. DS_WRITE_{B32,B64,B96,B128,B8,B16} Write one value. DS_WRITE2_{B32,B64} Write two values. DS_WRITE2ST64_{B32,B64} Write two values, offset *= 64. DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_{B32,B64} Exchange GPR with LDS-memory. DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_{B32,B64} Exchange GPR with LDS-memory; offset *= 64. DS_PERMUTE_B32 Forward permute. Does not write any LDS memory.LDS[dst] = src0returnVal = LDS[thread_id]where thread_id is 0..63. DS_BPERMUTE_B32 Backward permute. Does not actually write any LDS memory.LDS[thread_id] = src0where thread_id is 0..63, and returnVal = LDS[dst].Single Address Instructions LDS_Addr = LDS_BASE + VGPR[ADDR] + {InstrOffset1,InstrOffset0}Double Address Instructions
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LDS_Addr0 = LDS_BASE + VGPR[ADDR] + InstrOffset0*ADJ +LDS_Addr1 = LDS_BASE + VGPR[ADDR] + InstrOffset1*ADJ  Where ADJ = 4 for 8, 16 and 32-bit data types; and ADJ = 8 for 64-bit.Note that LDS_ADDR1 is used only for READ2*, WRITE2*, and WREXCHG2*.The address comes from VGPR, and both ADDR and InstrOffset are byte addresses.At the time of wavefront creation, LDS_BASE is assigned to the physical LDS region owned bythis wavefront or work-group.Specify only one address by setting both offsets to the same value. This causes only one reador write to occur and uses only the first DATA0.LDS Atomic OpsDS_<atomicOp> OP, GDS=0, OFFSET0, OFFSET1, VDST, ADDR, Data0, Data1Data size is encoded in atomicOp: byte, word, Dword, or double. LDS_Addr0 = LDS_BASE + VGPR[ADDR] + {InstrOffset1,InstrOffset0}ADDR is a Dword address. VGPRs 0,1 and dst are double-GPRs for doubles data.VGPR data sources can only be VGPRs or constant values, not SGPRs.Denormal behavior for floating point atomics is controlled via the MODE regiser’sFP_DENORM field. The rounding mode is fixed at "round to nearest even".11.4. GWS Programming RestrictionAll GWS instructions must be immediately followed by:   s_waitcnt 0VGPRs used by any GWS instruction must be even.
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Chapter 12. InstructionsThis chapter lists, and provides descriptions for, all instructions in the CDNA Generationenvironment. Instructions are grouped according to their format.Instruction suffixes have the following definitions:•B32 Bitfield (untyped data) 32-bit•B64 Bitfield (untyped data) 64-bit•F32 floating-point 32-bit (IEEE 754 single-precision float)•F64 floating-point 64-bit (IEEE 754 double-precision float)•BF16 floating-point 16 bit (Bfloat16 format)•I8 signed 8-bit integer•I16 signed 16-bit integer•I32 signed 32-bit integer•I64 signed 64-bit integer•U32 unsigned 32-bit integer•U64 unsigned 64-bit integerIf an instruction has two suffixes (for example, _I32_F32), the first suffix indicates the destinationtype, the second the source type.The following abbreviations are used in instruction definitions:•D = destination•U = unsigned integer•S = source•SCC = scalar condition code•I = signed integer•B = bitfieldNote: .u or .i specifies to interpret the argument as an unsigned or signed float.Note: Rounding and Denormal modes apply to all floating-point operations unless otherwisespecified in the instruction description.12.1. SOP2 Instructions
Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant which occurs immediately after the
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instruction. Opcode Name Description 0 S_ADD_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u; SCC = (S0.u + S1.u >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow/carry-out, S_ADDC_U32 1 S_SUB_U32   D.u = S0.u - S1.u; SCC = (S1.u > S0.u ? 1 : 0). // unsigned overflow or carry-out forS_SUBB_U32. 2 S_ADD_I32   D.i = S0.i + S1.i; SCC = (S0.u[31] == S1.u[31] && S0.u[31] != D.u[31]). // signedoverflow. This opcode is not suitable for use with S_ADDC_U32 for implementing64-bit operations. 3 S_SUB_I32   D.i = S0.i - S1.i; SCC = (S0.u[31] != S1.u[31] && S0.u[31] != D.u[31]). // signedoverflow. This opcode is not suitable for use with S_SUBB_U32 for implementing64-bit operations. 4 S_ADDC_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u + SCC; SCC = (S0.u + S1.u + SCC >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow. 5 S_SUBB_U32   D.u = S0.u - S1.u - SCC; SCC = (S1.u + SCC > S0.u ? 1 : 0). // unsigned overflow. 6 S_MIN_I32   D.i = (S0.i < S1.i) ? S0.i : S1.i; SCC = (S0.i < S1.i). 7 S_MIN_U32   D.u = (S0.u < S1.u) ? S0.u : S1.u; SCC = (S0.u < S1.u). 8 S_MAX_I32   D.i = (S0.i > S1.i) ? S0.i : S1.i; SCC = (S0.i > S1.i). 9 S_MAX_U32   D.u = (S0.u > S1.u) ? S0.u : S1.u; SCC = (S0.u > S1.u). 10 S_CSELECT_B32   D.u = SCC ? S0.u : S1.u. Conditional select. 11 S_CSELECT_B64   D.u64 = SCC ? S0.u64 : S1.u64. Conditional select. 12 S_AND_B32   D = S0 & S1; SCC = (D != 0). 13 S_AND_B64   D = S0 & S1; SCC = (D != 0). 14 S_OR_B32   D = S0 | S1; SCC = (D != 0). 15 S_OR_B64   D = S0 | S1; SCC = (D != 0).
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Opcode Name Description 16 S_XOR_B32   D = S0 ^ S1; SCC = (D != 0). 17 S_XOR_B64   D = S0 ^ S1; SCC = (D != 0). 18 S_ANDN2_B32   D = S0 & ~S1; SCC = (D != 0). 19 S_ANDN2_B64   D = S0 & ~S1; SCC = (D != 0). 20 S_ORN2_B32   D = S0 | ~S1; SCC = (D != 0). 21 S_ORN2_B64   D = S0 | ~S1; SCC = (D != 0). 22 S_NAND_B32   D = ~(S0 & S1); SCC = (D != 0). 23 S_NAND_B64   D = ~(S0 & S1); SCC = (D != 0). 24 S_NOR_B32   D = ~(S0 | S1); SCC = (D != 0). 25 S_NOR_B64   D = ~(S0 | S1); SCC = (D != 0). 26 S_XNOR_B32   D = ~(S0 ^ S1); SCC = (D != 0). 27 S_XNOR_B64   D = ~(S0 ^ S1); SCC = (D != 0). 28 S_LSHL_B32   D.u = S0.u << S1.u[4:0]; SCC = (D.u != 0). 29 S_LSHL_B64   D.u64 = S0.u64 << S1.u[5:0]; SCC = (D.u64 != 0). 30 S_LSHR_B32   D.u = S0.u >> S1.u[4:0]; SCC = (D.u != 0). 31 S_LSHR_B64   D.u64 = S0.u64 >> S1.u[5:0]; SCC = (D.u64 != 0). 32 S_ASHR_I32   D.i = signext(S0.i) >> S1.u[4:0]; SCC = (D.i != 0). 33 S_ASHR_I64   D.i64 = signext(S0.i64) >> S1.u[5:0]; SCC = (D.i64 != 0). 34 S_BFM_B32   D.u = ((1 << S0.u[4:0]) - 1) << S1.u[4:0]. Bitfield mask. 35 S_BFM_B64   D.u64 = ((1ULL << S0.u[5:0]) - 1) << S1.u[5:0]. Bitfield mask. 36 S_MUL_I32   D.i = S0.i * S1.i.
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Opcode Name Description 37 S_BFE_U32   D.u = (S0.u >> S1.u[4:0]) & ((1 << S1.u[22:16]) - 1); SCC = (D.u != 0). Bit field extract. S0 is Data, S1[4:0] is field offset, S1[22:16] isfield width. 38 S_BFE_I32   D.i = signext((S0.i >> S1.u[4:0]) & ((1 << S1.u[22:16]) - 1)); SCC = (D.i != 0). Bit field extract. S0 is Data, S1[4:0] is field offset, S1[22:16] isfield width. 39 S_BFE_U64   D.u64 = (S0.u64 >> S1.u[5:0]) & ((1 << S1.u[22:16]) - 1); SCC = (D.u64 != 0). Bit field extract. S0 is Data, S1[5:0] is field offset, S1[22:16] isfield width. 40 S_BFE_I64   D.i64 = signext((S0.i64 >> S1.u[5:0]) & ((1 << S1.u[22:16]) - 1)); SCC = (D.i64 != 0). Bit field extract. S0 is Data, S1[5:0] is field offset, S1[22:16] isfield width. 41 S_CBRANCH_G_FORK   mask_pass = S0.u64 & EXEC; mask_fail = ~S0.u64 & EXEC; if(mask_pass == EXEC) then  PC = S1.u64; elsif(mask_fail == EXEC) then  PC += 4; elsif(bitcount(mask_fail) < bitcount(mask_pass))  EXEC = mask_fail;  SGPR[CSP*4] = { S1.u64, mask_pass };  CSP += 1;  PC += 4; else  EXEC = mask_pass;  SGPR[CSP*4] = { PC + 4, mask_fail };  CSP += 1;  PC = S1.u64; endif. Conditional branch using branch-stack. S0 = compare mask(vcc or anysgpr) and S1 = 64-bit byte address of target instruction. See alsoS_CBRANCH_JOIN.
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Opcode Name Description 42 S_ABSDIFF_I32   D.i = S0.i - S1.i; if(D.i < 0) then  D.i = -D.i; endif; SCC = (D.i != 0). Compute the absolute value of difference between two values.Examples:  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0x00000002, 0x00000005) => 0x00000003  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0xffffffff, 0x00000000) => 0x00000001  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0x80000000, 0x00000000) => 0x80000000 // Note:result is negative!  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0x80000000, 0x00000001) => 0x7fffffff  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0x80000000, 0xffffffff) => 0x7fffffff  S_ABSDIFF_I32(0x80000000, 0xfffffffe) => 0x7ffffffe 43 S_RFE_RESTORE_B64   PRIV = 0; PC = S0.u64. Return from exception handler and continue. This instruction may onlybe used within a trap handler.This instruction is provided for compatibility with older ASICs. Newshader code must use S_RFE_B64. The second argument is ignored. 44 S_MUL_HI_U32   D.u = (S0.u * S1.u) >> 32. 45 S_MUL_HI_I32   D.i = (S0.i * S1.i) >> 32. 46 S_LSHL1_ADD_U32   D.u = (S0.u << 1) + S1.u; SCC = (((S0.u << 1) + S1.u) >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow. 47 S_LSHL2_ADD_U32   D.u = (S0.u << 2) + S1.u; SCC = (((S0.u << 2) + S1.u) >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow. 48 S_LSHL3_ADD_U32   D.u = (S0.u << 3) + S1.u; SCC = (((S0.u << 3) + S1.u) >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow. 49 S_LSHL4_ADD_U32   D.u = (S0.u << 4) + S1.u; SCC = (((S0.u << 4) + S1.u) >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // unsignedoverflow. 50 S_PACK_LL_B32_B16   D.u[31:0] = { S1.u[15:0], S0.u[15:0] }. 51 S_PACK_LH_B32_B16   D.u[31:0] = { S1.u[31:16], S0.u[15:0] }. 52 S_PACK_HH_B32_B16   D.u[31:0] = { S1.u[31:16], S0.u[31:16] }.12.2. SOPK Instructions
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Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant which occurs immediately after theinstruction. Opcode Name Description 0 S_MOVK_I32   D.i = signext(SIMM16). Sign extension from a 16-bit constant. 1 S_CMOVK_I32   if(SCC) then  D.i = signext(SIMM16); endif. Conditional move with sign extension. 2 S_CMPK_EQ_I32   SCC = (S0.i == signext(SIMM16)). 3 S_CMPK_LG_I32   SCC = (S0.i != signext(SIMM16)). 4 S_CMPK_GT_I32   SCC = (S0.i > signext(SIMM16)). 5 S_CMPK_GE_I32   SCC = (S0.i >= signext(SIMM16)). 6 S_CMPK_LT_I32   SCC = (S0.i < signext(SIMM16)). 7 S_CMPK_LE_I32   SCC = (S0.i <= signext(SIMM16)). 8 S_CMPK_EQ_U32   SCC = (S0.u == SIMM16). 9 S_CMPK_LG_U32   SCC = (S0.u != SIMM16). 10 S_CMPK_GT_U32   SCC = (S0.u > SIMM16). 11 S_CMPK_GE_U32   SCC = (S0.u >= SIMM16). 12 S_CMPK_LT_U32   SCC = (S0.u < SIMM16). 13 S_CMPK_LE_U32   SCC = (S0.u <= SIMM16). 14 S_ADDK_I32   tmp = D.i; // save value to check sign bits for overflow later. D.i = D.i + signext(SIMM16); SCC = (tmp[31] == SIMM16[15] && tmp[31] != D.i[31]). // signedoverflow. 15 S_MULK_I32   D.i = D.i * signext(SIMM16).
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Opcode Name Description 16 S_CBRANCH_I_FORK   mask_pass = S0.u64 & EXEC; mask_fail = ~S0.u64 & EXEC; target_addr = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; if(mask_pass == EXEC)  PC = target_addr; elsif(mask_fail == EXEC)  PC += 4; elsif(bitcount(mask_fail) < bitcount(mask_pass))  EXEC = mask_fail;  SGPR[CSP*4] = { target_addr, mask_pass };  CSP += 1;  PC += 4; else  EXEC = mask_pass;  SGPR[CSP*4] = { PC + 4, mask_fail };  CSP += 1;  PC = target_addr; endif. Conditional branch using branch-stack. S0 = compare mask(vcc or anysgpr), and SIMM16 = signed DWORD branch offset relative to nextinstruction. See also S_CBRANCH_JOIN. 17 S_GETREG_B32  D.u = hardware-reg. Read some or all of a hardware register into theLSBs of D. SIMM16 = {size[4:0], offset[4:0], hwRegId[5:0]}; offset is 0..31, sizeis 1..32. 18 S_SETREG_B32  hardware-reg = S0.u. Write some or all of the LSBs of D into ahardware register. SIMM16 = {size[4:0], offset[4:0], hwRegId[5:0]}; offset is 0..31, sizeis 1..32. 20 S_SETREG_IMM32_B32  Write some or all of the LSBs of IMM32 into a hardware register; thisinstruction requires a 32-bit literal constant. SIMM16 = {size[4:0], offset[4:0], hwRegId[5:0]}; offset is 0..31, sizeis 1..32. 21 S_CALL_B64   D.u64 = PC + 4; PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4. Implements a short call, where the return address (the nextinstruction after the S_CALL_B64) is saved to D. Long calls shouldconsider S_SWAPPC_B64 instead. Note that this instruction is always 4bytes.12.3. SOP1 Instructions
Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant which occurs immediately after the
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instruction. Opcode Name Description 0 S_MOV_B32   D.u = S0.u. 1 S_MOV_B64   D.u64 = S0.u64. 2 S_CMOV_B32   if(SCC) then  D.u = S0.u; endif. Conditional move. 3 S_CMOV_B64   if(SCC) then  D.u64 = S0.u64; endif. Conditional move. 4 S_NOT_B32   D = ~S0; SCC = (D != 0). Bitwise negation. 5 S_NOT_B64   D = ~S0; SCC = (D != 0). Bitwise negation. 6 S_WQM_B32   for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D[i] = (S0[(i & ~3):(i | 3)] != 0); endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Computes whole quad mode for an active/valid mask. If any pixel in aquad is active, all pixels of the quad are marked active. 7 S_WQM_B64   for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D[i] = (S0[(i & ~3):(i | 3)] != 0); endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Computes whole quad mode for an active/valid mask. If any pixel in aquad is active, all pixels of the quad are marked active. 8 S_BREV_B32   D.u[31:0] = S0.u[0:31]. Reverse bits. 9 S_BREV_B64   D.u64[63:0] = S0.u64[0:63]. Reverse bits.
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Opcode Name Description 10 S_BCNT0_I32_B32   D = 0; for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D += (S0[i] == 0 ? 1 : 0) endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Examples:  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 32  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0xcccccccc) => 16  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0 11 S_BCNT0_I32_B64   D = 0; for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D += (S0[i] == 0 ? 1 : 0) endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Examples:  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 32  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0xcccccccc) => 16  S_BCNT0_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0 12 S_BCNT1_I32_B32   D = 0; for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D += (S0[i] == 1 ? 1 : 0) endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Examples:  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0xcccccccc) => 16  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 32 13 S_BCNT1_I32_B64   D = 0; for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  D += (S0[i] == 1 ? 1 : 0) endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Examples:  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0xcccccccc) => 16  S_BCNT1_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 32
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Opcode Name Description 14 S_FF0_I32_B32   D.i = -1; // Set if no zeros are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do // Search from LSB  if S0[i] == 0 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Returns the bit position of the first zero from the LSB, or -1 ifthere are no zeros. Examples:  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xaaaaaaaa) => 0  S_FF0_I32_B32(0x55555555) => 1  S_FF0_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0xffffffff  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xfffeffff) => 16 15 S_FF0_I32_B64   D.i = -1; // Set if no zeros are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do // Search from LSB  if S0[i] == 0 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Returns the bit position of the first zero from the LSB, or -1 ifthere are no zeros. Examples:  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xaaaaaaaa) => 0  S_FF0_I32_B32(0x55555555) => 1  S_FF0_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0xffffffff  S_FF0_I32_B32(0xfffeffff) => 16 16 S_FF1_I32_B32   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do // Search from LSB  if S0[i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Returns the bit position of the first one from the LSB, or -1 if thereare no ones.Examples:  S_FF1_I32_B32(0xaaaaaaaa) => 1  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x55555555) => 0  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FF1_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x00010000) => 16
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Opcode Name Description 17 S_FF1_I32_B64   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do // Search from LSB  if S0[i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Returns the bit position of the first one from the LSB, or -1 if thereare no ones.Examples:  S_FF1_I32_B32(0xaaaaaaaa) => 1  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x55555555) => 0  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FF1_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0  S_FF1_I32_B32(0x00010000) => 16 18 S_FLBIT_I32_B32   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1 - i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Counts how many zeros before the first one starting from the MSB.Returns -1 if there are no ones.Examples:  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x0000cccc) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0xffff3333) => 0  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x7fffffff) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x80000000) => 0  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0 19 S_FLBIT_I32_B64   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1 - i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Counts how many zeros before the first one starting from the MSB.Returns -1 if there are no ones.Examples:  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x0000cccc) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0xffff3333) => 0  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x7fffffff) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0x80000000) => 0  S_FLBIT_I32_B32(0xffffffff) => 0
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Opcode Name Description 20 S_FLBIT_I32   D.i = -1; // Set if all bits are the same for i in 1 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1 - i] != S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1]then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Counts how many bits in a row (from MSB to LSB) are the same as thesign bit. Returns -1 if all bits are the same.Examples:  S_FLBIT_I32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FLBIT_I32(0x0000cccc) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32(0xffff3333) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32(0x7fffffff) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32(0x80000000) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32(0xffffffff) => 0xffffffff 21 S_FLBIT_I32_I64   D.i = -1; // Set if all bits are the same for i in 1 ... opcode_size_in_bits - 1 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1 - i] != S0[opcode_size_in_bits - 1]then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor. Counts how many bits in a row (from MSB to LSB) are the same as thesign bit. Returns -1 if all bits are the same.Examples:  S_FLBIT_I32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  S_FLBIT_I32(0x0000cccc) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32(0xffff3333) => 16  S_FLBIT_I32(0x7fffffff) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32(0x80000000) => 1  S_FLBIT_I32(0xffffffff) => 0xffffffff 22 S_SEXT_I32_I8   D.i = signext(S0.i[7:0]). Sign extension. 23 S_SEXT_I32_I16   D.i = signext(S0.i[15:0]). Sign extension. 24 S_BITSET0_B32   D.u[S0.u[4:0]] = 0. 25 S_BITSET0_B64   D.u64[S0.u[5:0]] = 0. 26 S_BITSET1_B32   D.u[S0.u[4:0]] = 1. 27 S_BITSET1_B64   D.u64[S0.u[5:0]] = 1.
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Opcode Name Description 28 S_GETPC_B64   D.u64 = PC + 4. Destination receives the byte address of the next instruction. Notethat this instruction is always 4 bytes. 29 S_SETPC_B64   PC = S0.u64. S0.u64 is a byte address of the instruction to jump to. 30 S_SWAPPC_B64   D.u64 = PC + 4; PC = S0.u64. S0.u64 is a byte address of the instruction to jump to. Destinationreceives the byte address of the instruction immediately following theSWAPPC instruction. Note that this instruction is always 4 bytes. 31 S_RFE_B64   PRIV = 0; PC = S0.u64. Return from exception handler and continue. This instruction may onlybe used within a trap handler. 32 S_AND_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = S0.u64 & EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 33 S_OR_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = S0.u64 | EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 34 S_XOR_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = S0.u64 ^ EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 35 S_ANDN2_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = S0.u64 & ~EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 36 S_ORN2_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = S0.u64 | ~EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 37 S_NAND_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = ~(S0.u64 & EXEC); SCC = (EXEC != 0). 38 S_NOR_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = ~(S0.u64 | EXEC); SCC = (EXEC != 0). 39 S_XNOR_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = ~(S0.u64 ^ EXEC); SCC = (EXEC != 0). 40 S_QUADMASK_B32   D = 0; for i in 0 ... (opcode_size_in_bits / 4) - 1 do  D[i] = (S0[i * 4 + 3:i * 4] != 0); endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Reduce a pixel mask to a quad mask. To perform the inverse operationsee S_BITREPLICATE_B64_B32.
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Opcode Name Description 41 S_QUADMASK_B64   D = 0; for i in 0 ... (opcode_size_in_bits / 4) - 1 do  D[i] = (S0[i * 4 + 3:i * 4] != 0); endfor; SCC = (D != 0). Reduce a pixel mask to a quad mask. To perform the inverse operationsee S_BITREPLICATE_B64_B32. 42 S_MOVRELS_B32   addr = SGPR address appearing in instruction SRC0 field; addr += M0.u; D.u = SGPR[addr].u. Move from a relative source address. For example, the followinginstruction sequence will perform a move s5 <== s17:  s_mov_b32 m0, 10  s_movrels_b32 s5, s7 43 S_MOVRELS_B64   addr = SGPR address appearing in instruction SRC0 field; addr += M0.u; D.u64 = SGPR[addr].u64. Move from a relative source address. The index in M0.u must be evenfor this operation. 44 S_MOVRELD_B32   addr = SGPR address appearing in instruction DST field; addr += M0.u;  SGPR[addr].u = S0.u. Move to a relative destination address. For example, the followinginstruction sequence will perform a move s15 <== s7:  s_mov_b32 m0, 10  s_movreld_b32 s5, s7 45 S_MOVRELD_B64   addr = SGPR address appearing in instruction DST field; addr += M0.u; SGPR[addr].u64 = S0.u64. Move to a relative destination address. The index in M0.u must be evenfor this operation. 46 S_CBRANCH_JOIN   saved_csp = S0.u; if(CSP == saved_csp) then  PC += 4; // Second time to JOIN: continue with program. else  CSP -= 1; // First time to JOIN; jump to other FORK path.  {PC, EXEC} = SGPR[CSP * 4]; // Read 128 bits from 4 consecutiveSGPRs. endif. Conditional branch join point (end of conditional branch block). S0 issaved CSP value. See S_CBRANCH_G_FORK and S_CBRANCH_I_FORK for relatedinstructions.
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Opcode Name Description 48 S_ABS_I32   D.i = (S.i < 0 ? -S.i : S.i); SCC = (D.i != 0). Integer absolute value.Examples:  S_ABS_I32(0x00000001) => 0x00000001  S_ABS_I32(0x7fffffff) => 0x7fffffff  S_ABS_I32(0x80000000) => 0x80000000 // Note this is negative!  S_ABS_I32(0x80000001) => 0x7fffffff  S_ABS_I32(0x80000002) => 0x7ffffffe  S_ABS_I32(0xffffffff) => 0x00000001 50 S_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX   M0[7:0] = S0.u[7:0]. Modify the index used in vector GPR indexing. S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON, S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF, S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE andS_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX are related instructions. 51 S_ANDN1_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = ~S0.u64 & EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 52 S_ORN1_SAVEEXEC_B64   D.u64 = EXEC; EXEC = ~S0.u64 | EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 53 S_ANDN1_WREXEC_B64   EXEC = ~S0.u64 & EXEC; D.u64 = EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 54 S_ANDN2_WREXEC_B64   EXEC = S0.u64 & ~EXEC; D.u64 = EXEC; SCC = (EXEC != 0). 55 S_BITREPLICATE_B64_B32   for i in 0 ... 31 do  D.u64[i * 2 + 0] = S0.u32[i]  D.u64[i * 2 + 1] = S0.u32[i] endfor. Replicate the low 32 bits of S0 by 'doubling' each bit. This opcode can be used to convert a quad mask into a pixel mask;given quad mask in s0, the following sequence will produce a pixel maskin s1:  s_bitreplicate_b64 s1, s0  s_bitreplicate_b64 s1, s1 To perform the inverse operation see S_QUADMASK_B64.12.4. SOPC Instructions
Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant which occurs immediately after the
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instruction. Opcode Name Description 0 S_CMP_EQ_I32   SCC = (S0 == S1). Note that S_CMP_EQ_I32 and S_CMP_EQ_U32 are identical opcodes, butboth are provided for symmetry. 1 S_CMP_LG_I32   SCC = (S0 != S1). Note that S_CMP_LG_I32 and S_CMP_LG_U32 are identical opcodes, butboth are provided for symmetry. 2 S_CMP_GT_I32   SCC = (S0.i > S1.i). 3 S_CMP_GE_I32   SCC = (S0.i >= S1.i). 4 S_CMP_LT_I32   SCC = (S0.i < S1.i). 5 S_CMP_LE_I32   SCC = (S0.i <= S1.i). 6 S_CMP_EQ_U32   SCC = (S0 == S1). Note that S_CMP_EQ_I32 and S_CMP_EQ_U32 are identical opcodes, butboth are provided for symmetry. 7 S_CMP_LG_U32   SCC = (S0 != S1). Note that S_CMP_LG_I32 and S_CMP_LG_U32 are identical opcodes, butboth are provided for symmetry. 8 S_CMP_GT_U32   SCC = (S0.u > S1.u). 9 S_CMP_GE_U32   SCC = (S0.u >= S1.u). 10 S_CMP_LT_U32   SCC = (S0.u < S1.u). 11 S_CMP_LE_U32   SCC = (S0.u <= S1.u). 12 S_BITCMP0_B32   SCC = (S0.u[S1.u[4:0]] == 0). 13 S_BITCMP1_B32   SCC = (S0.u[S1.u[4:0]] == 1). 14 S_BITCMP0_B64   SCC = (S0.u64[S1.u[5:0]] == 0). 15 S_BITCMP1_B64   SCC = (S0.u64[S1.u[5:0]] == 1). 16 S_SETVSKIP   VSKIP = S0.u[S1.u[4:0]]. Enables and disables VSKIP mode. When VSKIP is enabled, noVOP*/M*BUF/MIMG/DS/FLAT/EXP instuctions are issued. Note that VSKIPpedmemory instructions do not manipulate the waitcnt counters; as aresult, if you have outstanding memory requests you may want to issueS_WAITCNT 0 prior to enabling VSKIP, otherwise you'll need to becareful not to count VSKIPped instructions in your waitcntcalculations.Examples:  s_setvskip 1, 0 // Enable vskip mode.  s_setvskip 0, 0 // Disable vskip mode.
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Opcode Name Description 17 S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON   MODE.gpr_idx_en = 1; M0[7:0] = S0.u[7:0]; M0[15:12] = SIMM4; // this is the direct content of S1 field // Remaining bits of M0 are unmodified. Enable GPR indexing mode. Vector operations after this will performrelative GPR addressing based on the contents of M0. The structureSQ_M0_GPR_IDX_WORD may be used to decode M0. The raw contents of the S1field are read and used to set the enable bits. S1[0] = VSRC0_REL,S1[1] = VSRC1_REL, S1[2] = VSRC2_REL and S1[3] = VDST_REL.S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON, S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF, S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE andS_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX are related instructions. 18 S_CMP_EQ_U64   SCC = (S0.i64 == S1.i64). 19 S_CMP_LG_U64   SCC = (S0.i64 != S1.i64).12.5. SOPP Instructions
Opcode Name Description 0 S_NOP  Do nothing. Repeat NOP 1..16 times based on SIMM16[3:0] -- 0x0 = 1time, 0xf = 16 times. This instruction may be used to introduce waitstates to resolve hazards. Compare with S_SLEEP. 1 S_ENDPGM  End of program; terminate wavefront. The hardware implicitlyexecutes S_WAITCNT 0 before executing this instruction. SeeS_ENDPGM_SAVED for the context-switch version of this instruction andS_ENDPGM_ORDERED_PS_DONE for the POPS critical region version of thisinstruction. 2 S_BRANCH   PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4. // short jump. For a long jump, use S_SETPC_B64. 3 S_WAKEUP  Allow a wave to 'ping' all the other waves in its threadgroup toforce them to wake up immediately from an S_SLEEP instruction. Theping is ignored if the waves are not sleeping. This allows forefficient polling on a memory location. The waves which are pollingcan sit in a long S_SLEEP between memory reads, but the wave whichwrites the value can tell them all to wake up early now that the datais available. This is useful for fBarrier implementations (speedup).This method is also safe from races because if any wave misses theping, everything still works fine (waves which missed it justcomplete their normal S_SLEEP).If the wave executing S_WAKEUP is in a threadgroup (in_tg set), thenit will wake up all waves associated with the same threadgroup ID.Otherwise, S_WAKEUP is treated as an S_NOP.
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Opcode Name Description 4 S_CBRANCH_SCC0   if(SCC == 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 5 S_CBRANCH_SCC1   if(SCC == 1) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 6 S_CBRANCH_VCCZ   if(VCC == 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 7 S_CBRANCH_VCCNZ   if(VCC != 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 8 S_CBRANCH_EXECZ   if(EXEC == 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 9 S_CBRANCH_EXECNZ   if(EXEC != 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 10 S_BARRIER  Synchronize waves within a threadgroup. If not all waves of thethreadgroup have been created yet, waits for entire group beforeproceeding. If some waves in the threadgroup have already terminated,this waits on only the surviving waves. Barriers are legal insidetrap handlers. 11 S_SETKILL  Set KILL bit to value of SIMM16[0]. Used primarily for debuggingkill wave host command behavior. 12 S_WAITCNT  Wait for the counts of outstanding lds, vector-memory andexport/vmem-write-data to be at or below the specified levels.SIMM16[3:0] = vmcount (vector memory operations) lower bits [3:0],SIMM16[6:4] = export/mem-write-data count,SIMM16[11:8] = LGKM_cnt (scalar-mem/GDS/LDS count),SIMM16[15:14] = vmcount (vector memory operations) upper bits [5:4], 13 S_SETHALT  Set HALT bit to value of SIMM16[0]; 1 = halt, 0 = resume. The haltflag is ignored while PRIV == 1 (inside trap handlers) but the shaderwill halt immediately after the handler returns if HALT is still setat that time. 14 S_SLEEP  Cause a wave to sleep for (64 * SIMM16[6:0] + 1..64) clocks. Theexact amount of delay is approximate. Compare with S_NOP. 15 S_SETPRIO  User settable wave priority is set to SIMM16[1:0]. 0 = lowest, 3 =highest. The overall wave priority is {SPIPrio[1:0] , UserPrio[1:0],WaveAge[3:0]}. 16 S_SENDMSG  Send a message upstream to VGT or the interrupt handler. SIMM16[9:0]contains the message type. 17 S_SENDMSGHALT  Send a message and then HALT the wavefront; see S_SENDMSG fordetails.
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Opcode Name Description 18 S_TRAP   TrapID = SIMM16[7:0]; Wait for all instructions to complete; {TTMP1, TTMP0} = {3'h0, PCRewind[3:0], HT[0], TrapID[7:0],PC[47:0]}; PC = TBA; // trap base address PRIV = 1. Enter the trap handler. This instruction may be generated internallyas well in response to a host trap (HT = 1) or an exception. TrapID 0is reserved for hardware use and should not be used in a shader-generated trap. 19 S_ICACHE_INV  Invalidate entire L1 instruction cache.Kernel must have 16 separate S_NOP instructions or a jump/branchinstruction after this instruction to ensure the SQ instructionbuffer is purged. 20 S_INCPERFLEVEL  Increment performance counter specified in SIMM16[3:0] by 1. 21 S_DECPERFLEVEL  Decrement performance counter specified in SIMM16[3:0] by 1. 23 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS   if(conditional_debug_system != 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 24 S_CBRANCH_CDBGUSER   if(conditional_debug_user != 0) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 25 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS_OR_USER   if(conditional_debug_system || conditional_debug_user) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 26 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS_AND_USER   if(conditional_debug_system && conditional_debug_user) then  PC = PC + signext(SIMM16 * 4) + 4; endif. 27 S_ENDPGM_SAVED  End of program; signal that a wave has been saved by the context-switch trap handler and terminate wavefront. The hardware implicitlyexecutes S_WAITCNT 0 before executing this instruction. See S_ENDPGMfor additional variants. 28 S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF   MODE.gpr_idx_en = 0. Clear GPR indexing mode. Vector operations after this will notperform relative GPR addressing regardless of the contents of M0.This instruction does not modify M0.S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON, S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF, S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE andS_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX are related instructions. 29 S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE   M0[15:12] = SIMM16[3:0]. Modify the mode used for vector GPR indexing. The raw contents ofthe source field are read and used to set the enable bits. SIMM16[0]= VSRC0_REL, SIMM16[1] = VSRC1_REL, SIMM16[2] = VSRC2_REL andSIMM16[3] = VDST_REL.S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON, S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF, S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE andS_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX are related instructions.
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Opcode Name Description 30 S_ENDPGM_ORDERED_PS_DONE  End of program; signal that a wave has exited its POPS criticalsection and terminate wavefront. The hardware implicitly executesS_WAITCNT 0 before executing this instruction. This instruction is anoptimization that combines S_SENDMSG(MSG_ORDERED_PS_DONE) andS_ENDPGM; there may be cases where you still need to send the messageseparately, in which case you can end the shader with a normalS_ENDPGM instruction. See S_ENDPGM for additional variants.12.5.1. Send MessageThe S_SENDMSG instruction encodes the message type in M0, and can also send data fromthe SIMM16 field and in some cases from EXEC. Message SIMM16[3:0] SIMM16[6:4] Payload none 0 - illegal Interrupt 1 - M0[23:0] carries data payload Save wave 4 - used in context switching Stall WaveGen 5 - stop new wave generation Halt Waves 6 - halt all running waves of this vmid12.6. SMEM Instructions
Opcode Name Description 0 S_LOAD_DWORD  Read 1 dword from scalar data cache. If the offset is specifiedas an SGPR, the SGPR contains an UNSIGNED BYTE offset (the 2LSBs are ignored). If the offset is specified as an immediate21-bit constant, the constant is a SIGNED BYTE offset. 1 S_LOAD_DWORDX2  Read 2 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 2 S_LOAD_DWORDX4  Read 4 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 3 S_LOAD_DWORDX8  Read 8 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 4 S_LOAD_DWORDX16  Read 16 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input.
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Opcode Name Description 5 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORD  Read 1 dword from scalar data cache. If the offset is specifiedas an SGPR, the SGPR contains an UNSIGNED 64-byte offset,consistent with other scratch operations. If the offset isspecified as an immediate 21-bit constant, the constant is aSIGNED BYTE offset. 6 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX2  Read 2 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDfor details on the offset input. 7 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX4  Read 4 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDfor details on the offset input. 8 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD  Read 1 dword from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 9 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2  Read 2 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 10 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4  Read 4 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 11 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX8  Read 8 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 12 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX16  Read 16 dwords from scalar data cache. See S_LOAD_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 16 S_STORE_DWORD  Write 1 dword to scalar data cache. If the offset is specifiedas an SGPR, the SGPR contains an UNSIGNED BYTE offset (the 2LSBs are ignored). If the offset is specified as an immediate21-bit constant, the constant is an SIGNED BYTE offset. 17 S_STORE_DWORDX2  Write 2 dwords to scalar data cache. See S_STORE_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 18 S_STORE_DWORDX4  Write 4 dwords to scalar data cache. See S_STORE_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 21 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD  Write 1 dword from scalar data cache. If the offset isspecified as an SGPR, the SGPR contains an UNSIGNED 64-byteoffset, consistent with other scratch operations. If the offsetis specified as an immediate 21-bit constant, the constant is aSIGNED BYTE offset. 22 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX2  Write 2 dwords from scalar data cache. SeeS_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD for details on the offset input. 23 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX4  Write 4 dwords from scalar data cache. SeeS_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD for details on the offset input. 24 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORD  Write 1 dword to scalar data cache. See S_STORE_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 25 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX2  Write 2 dwords to scalar data cache. See S_STORE_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 26 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX4  Write 4 dwords to scalar data cache. See S_STORE_DWORD fordetails on the offset input. 32 S_DCACHE_INV  Invalidate the scalar data cache. 33 S_DCACHE_WB  Write back dirty data in the scalar data cache.
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Opcode Name Description 34 S_DCACHE_INV_VOL  Invalidate the scalar data cache volatile lines. 35 S_DCACHE_WB_VOL  Write back dirty data in the scalar data cache volatile lines. 36 S_MEMTIME  Return current 64-bit timestamp. 37 S_MEMREALTIME  Return current 64-bit RTC. 38 S_ATC_PROBE  Probe or prefetch an address into the SQC data cache. 39 S_ATC_PROBE_BUFFER  Probe or prefetch an address into the SQC data cache. 40 S_DCACHE_DISCARD   Discard one dirty scalar data cache line. A cache line is 64bytes. Normally, dirty cachelines (one which have been writtenby the shader) are written back to memory, but this instructionallows the shader to invalidate and not write back cachelineswhich it has previously written. This is a performanceoptimization to be used when the shader knows it no longer needsthat data. Address is calculated the same as S_STORE_DWORD,except the 6 LSBs are ignored to get the 64 byte alignedaddress. LGKM count is incremented by 1 for this opcode. 41 S_DCACHE_DISCARD_X2   Discard two consecutive dirty scalar data cache lines. A cacheline is 64 bytes. Normally, dirty cachelines (one which havebeen written by the shader) are written back to memory, but thisinstruction allows the shader to invalidate and not write backcachelines which it has previously written. This is aperformance optimization to be used when the shader knows it nolonger needs that data. Address is calculated the same asS_STORE_DWORD, except the 6 LSBs are ignored to get the 64 bytealigned address. LGKM count is incremented by 2 for this opcode. 64 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 65 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 66 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 67 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 68 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 69 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 70 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 71 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 72 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 73 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 74 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 75 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 76 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 96 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 97 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0:1]; cmp = DATA[2:3]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 98 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 99 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 100 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 101 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 102 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 103 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 104 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 105 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 106 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 107 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 108 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp -1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 128 S_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 129 S_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 130 S_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 131 S_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 132 S_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 133 S_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 134 S_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 135 S_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 136 S_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 137 S_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 138 S_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 139 S_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 140 S_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 160 S_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 161 S_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0:1]; cmp = DATA[2:3]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 162 S_ATOMIC_ADD_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 163 S_ATOMIC_SUB_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 164 S_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 165 S_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 166 S_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 167 S_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 168 S_ATOMIC_AND_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 169 S_ATOMIC_OR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 170 S_ATOMIC_XOR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 171 S_ATOMIC_INC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 172 S_ATOMIC_DEC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp -1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.12.7. VOP2 Instructions
Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant, DPP or SDWA which occursimmediately after the instruction. Opcode Name Description 0 V_CNDMASK_B32   D.u = (VCC[threadId] ? S1.u : S0.u).Conditional mask on each thread. In VOP3 the VCC source may be ascalar GPR specified in S2.u. 1 V_ADD_F32   D.f = S0.f + S1.f.0.5ULP precision, denormals are supported. 2 V_SUB_F32   D.f = S0.f - S1.f. 3 V_SUBREV_F32   D.f = S1.f - S0.f. 4 V_FMAC_F64   D.f64 = S0.f64 * S1.f64 + D.f64. 5 V_MUL_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f.0.5ULP precision, denormals are supported. 6 V_MUL_I32_I24   D.i = S0.i[23:0] * S1.i[23:0]. 7 V_MUL_HI_I32_I24   D.i = (S0.i[23:0] * S1.i[23:0])>>32. 8 V_MUL_U32_U24   D.u = S0.u[23:0] * S1.u[23:0]. 9 V_MUL_HI_U32_U24   D.i = (S0.u[23:0] * S1.u[23:0])>>32.
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Opcode Name Description 10 V_MIN_F32   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.f == sNaN)  D.f = Quiet(S0.f); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.f == sNaN)  D.f = Quiet(S1.f); else if (S0.f == NaN)  D.f = S1.f; else if (S1.f == NaN)  D.f = S0.f; else if (S0.f == +0.0 && S1.f == -0.0)  D.f = S1.f; else if (S0.f == -0.0 && S1.f == +0.0)  D.f = S0.f; else  // Note: there's no IEEE special case here like there is forV_MAX_F32.  D.f = (S0.f < S1.f ? S0.f : S1.f); endif. 11 V_MAX_F32   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.f == sNaN)  D.f = Quiet(S0.f); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.f == sNaN)  D.f = Quiet(S1.f); else if (S0.f == NaN)  D.f = S1.f; else if (S1.f == NaN)  D.f = S0.f; else if (S0.f == +0.0 && S1.f == -0.0)  D.f = S0.f; else if (S0.f == -0.0 && S1.f == +0.0)  D.f = S1.f; else if (IEEE_MODE)  D.f = (S0.f >= S1.f ? S0.f : S1.f); else  D.f = (S0.f > S1.f ? S0.f : S1.f); endif. 12 V_MIN_I32   D.i = (S0.i < S1.i ? S0.i : S1.i). 13 V_MAX_I32   D.i = (S0.i >= S1.i ? S0.i : S1.i). 14 V_MIN_U32   D.u = (S0.u < S1.u ? S0.u : S1.u). 15 V_MAX_U32   D.u = (S0.u >= S1.u ? S0.u : S1.u). 16 V_LSHRREV_B32   D.u = S1.u >> S0.u[4:0]. 17 V_ASHRREV_I32   D.i = signext(S1.i) >> S0.i[4:0]. 18 V_LSHLREV_B32   D.u = S1.u << S0.u[4:0]. 19 V_AND_B32   D.u = S0.u & S1.u.Input and output modifiers not supported. 20 V_OR_B32   D.u = S0.u | S1.u.Input and output modifiers not supported.
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Opcode Name Description 21 V_XOR_B32   D.u = S0.u ^ S1.u.Input and output modifiers not supported. 22 V_MAC_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f + D.f. 23 V_MADMK_F32   D.f = S0.f * K + S1.f. // K is a 32-bit literal constant.This opcode cannot use the VOP3 encoding and cannot use input/outputmodifiers. 24 V_MADAK_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f + K. // K is a 32-bit literal constant.This opcode cannot use the VOP3 encoding and cannot use input/outputmodifiers. 25 V_ADD_CO_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u; VCC[threadId] = (S0.u + S1.u >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 : 0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow/carry-out for V_ADDC_CO_U32.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair. 26 V_SUB_CO_U32   D.u = S0.u - S1.u; VCC[threadId] = (S1.u > S0.u ? 1 : 0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow/carry-out for V_SUBB_CO_U32.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair. 27 V_SUBREV_CO_U32   D.u = S1.u - S0.u; VCC[threadId] = (S0.u > S1.u ? 1 : 0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow/carry-out for V_SUBB_CO_U32.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair. 28 V_ADDC_CO_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u + VCC[threadId]; VCC[threadId] = (S0.u + S1.u + VCC[threadId] >= 0x100000000ULL ? 1 :0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair, and the VCCsource comes from the SGPR-pair at S2.u. 29 V_SUBB_CO_U32   D.u = S0.u - S1.u - VCC[threadId]; VCC[threadId] = (S1.u + VCC[threadId] > S0.u ? 1 : 0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair, and the VCCsource comes from the SGPR-pair at S2.u. 30 V_SUBBREV_CO_U32   D.u = S1.u - S0.u - VCC[threadId]; VCC[threadId] = (S1.u + VCC[threadId] > S0.u ? 1 : 0). // VCC is an UNSIGNED overflow.In VOP3 the VCC destination may be an arbitrary SGPR-pair, and the VCCsource comes from the SGPR-pair at S2.u. 31 V_ADD_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 + S1.f16.Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags, saturation. 0.5ULPprecision, denormals are supported.
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Opcode Name Description 32 V_SUB_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 - S1.f16.Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags, saturation. 33 V_SUBREV_F16   D.f16 = S1.f16 - S0.f16.Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags, saturation. 34 V_MUL_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16.Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags, saturation. 0.5ULPprecision, denormals are supported. 35 V_MAC_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + D.f16.Supports round mode, exception flags, saturation. 36 V_MADMK_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * K.f16 + S1.f16. // K is a 16-bit literal constant stored in the following literalDWORD.This opcode cannot use the VOP3 encoding and cannot use input/outputmodifiers. Supports round mode, exception flags, saturation. 37 V_MADAK_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + K.f16. // K is a 16-bit literal constant stored in the following literalDWORD.This opcode cannot use the VOP3 encoding and cannot use input/outputmodifiers. Supports round mode, exception flags, saturation. 38 V_ADD_U16   D.u16 = S0.u16 + S1.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain). 39 V_SUB_U16   D.u16 = S0.u16 - S1.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain). 40 V_SUBREV_U16   D.u16 = S1.u16 - S0.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain). 41 V_MUL_LO_U16   D.u16 = S0.u16 * S1.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain). 42 V_LSHLREV_B16   D.u[15:0] = S1.u[15:0] << S0.u[3:0]. 43 V_LSHRREV_B16   D.u[15:0] = S1.u[15:0] >> S0.u[3:0]. 44 V_ASHRREV_I16   D.i[15:0] = signext(S1.i[15:0]) >> S0.i[3:0].
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Opcode Name Description 45 V_MAX_F16   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.f16 == sNaN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S0.f16); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.f16 == sNaN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S1.f16); else if (S0.f16 == NaN)  D.f16 = S1.f16; else if (S1.f16 == NaN)  D.f16 = S0.f16; else if (S0.f16 == +0.0 && S1.f16 == -0.0)  D.f16 = S0.f16; else if (S0.f16 == -0.0 && S1.f16 == +0.0)  D.f16 = S1.f16; else if (IEEE_MODE)  D.f16 = (S0.f16 >= S1.f16 ? S0.f16 : S1.f16); else  D.f16 = (S0.f16 > S1.f16 ? S0.f16 : S1.f16); endif.IEEE compliant. Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags,saturation. 46 V_MIN_F16   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.f16 == sNaN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S0.f16); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.f16 == sNaN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S1.f16); else if (S0.f16 == NaN)  D.f16 = S1.f16; else if (S1.f16 == NaN)  D.f16 = S0.f16; else if (S0.f16 == +0.0 && S1.f16 == -0.0)  D.f16 = S1.f16; else if (S0.f16 == -0.0 && S1.f16 == +0.0)  D.f16 = S0.f16; else  // Note: there's no IEEE special case here like there is forV_MAX_F16.  D.f16 = (S0.f16 < S1.f16 ? S0.f16 : S1.f16); endif.IEEE compliant. Supports denormals, round mode, exception flags,saturation. 47 V_MAX_U16   D.u16 = (S0.u16 >= S1.u16 ? S0.u16 : S1.u16). 48 V_MAX_I16   D.i16 = (S0.i16 >= S1.i16 ? S0.i16 : S1.i16). 49 V_MIN_U16   D.u16 = (S0.u16 < S1.u16 ? S0.u16 : S1.u16). 50 V_MIN_I16   D.i16 = (S0.i16 < S1.i16 ? S0.i16 : S1.i16). 51 V_LDEXP_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * (2 ** S1.i16). Note that the S1 has a format of f16 since floating point literalconstants are interpreted as 16 bit value for this opcode 52 V_ADD_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u. 53 V_SUB_U32   D.u = S0.u - S1.u. 54 V_SUBREV_U32   D.u = S1.u - S0.u.
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Opcode Name Description 55 V_DOT2C_F32_F16   D.f32 = S0.f16[0] * S1.f16[0] + S0.f16[1] * S1.f16[1] + D.f32. VOP2 version of V_DOT2_F32_F16 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 56 V_DOT2C_I32_I16   D.i32 = S0.i16[0] * S1.i16[0] + S0.i16[1] * S1.i16[1] + D.i32. VOP2 version of V_DOT2_I32_I16 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 57 V_DOT4C_I32_I8   D.i32 = S0.i8[0] * S1.i8[0] + S0.i8[1] * S1.i8[1] + S0.i8[2] *S1.i8[2] + S0.i8[3] * S1.i8[3] + D.i32. VOP2 version of V_DOT4_I32_I8 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 58 V_DOT8C_I32_I4   D.i32 = S0.i4[0] * S1.i4[0] + S0.i4[1] * S1.i4[1] + S0.i4[2] *S1.i4[2] + S0.i4[3] * S1.i4[3] + S0.i4[4] * S1.i4[4] + S0.i4[5] *S1.i4[5] + S0.i4[6] * S1.i4[6] + S0.i4[7] * S1.i4[7] + D.i32. VOP2 version of V_DOT8_I32_I4 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 59 V_FMAC_F32   D.f32 = S0.f32 * S1.f32 + D.f32. VOP2 version of V_FMA_F32 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 60 V_PK_FMAC_F16   D.f16[0] = S0.f16[0] * S1.f16[0] + D.f16[0]; D.f16[1] = S0.f16[1]* S1.f16[1] + D.f16[1] VOP2 version of V_PK_FMA_F16 with 3rd src VGPR address is the vDst. 61 V_XNOR_B32   D.b32 = S0.b32 XNOR S1.b32.Note: V_DOT2*_F32_F16 ops ignore the MODE.denormal setting and instead always flushesdenormals to zero.12.7.1. VOP2 using VOP3 encodingInstructions in this format may also be encoded as VOP3. This allows access to the extracontrol bits (e.g. ABS, OMOD) in exchange for not being able to use a literal constant. TheVOP3 opcode is: VOP2 opcode + 0x100.
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Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant, DPP or SDWA which occursimmediately after the instruction. Opcode Name Description 0 V_NOP  Do nothing. 1 V_MOV_B32   D.u = S0.u.Input and output modifiers not supported; this is an untypedoperation. 2 V_READFIRSTLANE_B32  Copy one VGPR value to one SGPR. D = SGPR destination, S0 = sourcedata (VGPR# or M0 for lds direct access), Lane# =FindFirst1fromLSB(exec) (Lane# = 0 if exec is zero). Ignores exec maskfor the access.Input and output modifiers not supported; this is an untypedoperation. 3 V_CVT_I32_F64   D.i = (int)S0.d.0.5ULP accuracy, out-of-range floating point values (includinginfinity) saturate. NaN is converted to 0.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 4 V_CVT_F64_I32   D.d = (double)S0.i.0ULP accuracy. 5 V_CVT_F32_I32   D.f = (float)S0.i.0.5ULP accuracy. 6 V_CVT_F32_U32   D.f = (float)S0.u.0.5ULP accuracy. 7 V_CVT_U32_F32   D.u = (unsigned)S0.f.1ULP accuracy, out-of-range floating point values (including infinity)saturate. NaN is converted to 0.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 8 V_CVT_I32_F32   D.i = (int)S0.f.1ULP accuracy, out-of-range floating point values (including infinity)saturate. NaN is converted to 0.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 10 V_CVT_F16_F32   D.f16 = flt32_to_flt16(S0.f).0.5ULP accuracy, supports input modifiers and creates FP16 denormalswhen appropriate. 11 V_CVT_F32_F16   D.f = flt16_to_flt32(S0.f16).0ULP accuracy, FP16 denormal inputs are accepted.
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Opcode Name Description 12 V_CVT_RPI_I32_F32   D.i = (int)floor(S0.f + 0.5).0.5ULP accuracy, denormals are supported. 13 V_CVT_FLR_I32_F32   D.i = (int)floor(S0.f).1ULP accuracy, denormals are supported. 14 V_CVT_OFF_F32_I4   4-bit signed int to 32-bit float. Used for interpolation in shader. S0 Result 1000 -0.5f 1001 -0.4375f 1010 -0.375f 1011 -0.3125f 1100 -0.25f 1101 -0.1875f 1110 -0.125f 1111 -0.0625f 0000 0.0f 0001 0.0625f 0010 0.125f 0011 0.1875f 0100 0.25f 0101 0.3125f 0110 0.375f 0111 0.4375f 15 V_CVT_F32_F64   D.f = (float)S0.d.0.5ULP accuracy, denormals are supported. 16 V_CVT_F64_F32   D.d = (double)S0.f.0ULP accuracy, denormals are supported. 17 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE0   D.f = (float)(S0.u[7:0]). 18 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE1   D.f = (float)(S0.u[15:8]). 19 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE2   D.f = (float)(S0.u[23:16]). 20 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE3   D.f = (float)(S0.u[31:24]). 21 V_CVT_U32_F64   D.u = (unsigned)S0.d.0.5ULP accuracy, out-of-range floating point values (includinginfinity) saturate. NaN is converted to 0.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 22 V_CVT_F64_U32   D.d = (double)S0.u.0ULP accuracy. 23 V_TRUNC_F64   D.d = trunc(S0.d).Return integer part of S0.d, round-to-zero semantics.
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Opcode Name Description 24 V_CEIL_F64   D.d = trunc(S0.d); if(S0.d > 0.0 && S0.d != D.d) then  D.d += 1.0; endif.Round up to next whole integer. 25 V_RNDNE_F64   D.d = floor(S0.d + 0.5); if(floor(S0.d) is even && fract(S0.d) == 0.5) then  D.d -= 1.0; endif.Round-to-nearest-even semantics. 26 V_FLOOR_F64   D.d = trunc(S0.d); if(S0.d < 0.0 && S0.d != D.d) then  D.d += -1.0; endif.Round down to previous whole integer. 27 V_FRACT_F32   D.f = S0.f + -floor(S0.f).Return fractional portion of a number. 0.5ULP accuracy, denormals areaccepted. 28 V_TRUNC_F32   D.f = trunc(S0.f).Return integer part of S0.f, round-to-zero semantics. 29 V_CEIL_F32   D.f = trunc(S0.f); if(S0.f > 0.0 && S0.f != D.f) then  D.f += 1.0; endif.Round up to next whole integer. 30 V_RNDNE_F32   D.f = floor(S0.f + 0.5); if(floor(S0.f) is even && fract(S0.f) == 0.5) then  D.f -= 1.0; endif.Round-to-nearest-even semantics. 31 V_FLOOR_F32   D.f = trunc(S0.f); if(S0.f < 0.0 && S0.f != D.f) then  D.f += -1.0; endif.Round down to previous whole integer. 32 V_EXP_F32   D.f = pow(2.0, S0.f).Base 2 exponentiation. 1ULP accuracy, denormals are flushed.Examples:  V_EXP_F32(0xff800000) => 0x00000000 // exp(-INF) = 0  V_EXP_F32(0x80000000) => 0x3f800000 // exp(-0.0) = 1  V_EXP_F32(0x7f800000) => 0x7f800000 // exp(+INF) = +INF
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Opcode Name Description 33 V_LOG_F32   D.f = log2(S0.f).Base 2 logarithm. 1ULP accuracy, denormals are flushed.Examples:  V_LOG_F32(0xff800000) => 0xffc00000 // log(-INF) = NAN  V_LOG_F32(0xbf800000) => 0xffc00000 // log(-1.0) = NAN  V_LOG_F32(0x80000000) => 0xff800000 // log(-0.0) = -INF  V_LOG_F32(0x00000000) => 0xff800000 // log(+0.0) = -INF  V_LOG_F32(0x3f800000) => 0x00000000 // log(+1.0) = 0  V_LOG_F32(0x7f800000) => 0x7f800000 // log(+INF) = +INFYou may safely ignore this paragraph. This paragraph is inserted toensure this specification fails legal scans, and for trackingpurposes. It has nothing to do with the V_LOG_F32 opcode.TRACKJDS20151119, GLADIUS, MILOS, KRYPTOS, ANUBIS. 34 V_RCP_F32   D.f = 1.0 / S0.f.Reciprocal with IEEE rules and 1ULP accuracy. Accuracy converges to <0.5ULP when using the Newton-Raphson method and 2 FMA operations.Denormals are flushed.Examples:  V_RCP_F32(0xff800000) => 0x80000000 // rcp(-INF) = -0  V_RCP_F32(0xc0000000) => 0xbf000000 // rcp(-2.0) = -0.5  V_RCP_F32(0x80000000) => 0xff800000 // rcp(-0.0) = -INF  V_RCP_F32(0x00000000) => 0x7f800000 // rcp(+0.0) = +INF  V_RCP_F32(0x7f800000) => 0x00000000 // rcp(+INF) = +0 35 V_RCP_IFLAG_F32   D.f = 1.0 / S0.f.Reciprocal intended for integer division, can raise integerDIV_BY_ZERO exception but cannot raise floating-point exceptions. Tobe used in an integer reciprocal macro by the compiler with one of thefollowing sequences: Unsigned:  CVT_F32_U32  RCP_IFLAG_F32  MUL_F32 (2**32 - 1)  CVT_U32_F32 Signed:  CVT_F32_I32  RCP_IFLAG_F32  MUL_F32 (2**31 - 1)  CVT_I32_F32
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Opcode Name Description 36 V_RSQ_F32   D.f = 1.0 / sqrt(S0.f).Reciprocal square root with IEEE rules. 1ULP accuracy, denormals areflushed.Examples:  V_RSQ_F32(0xff800000) => 0xffc00000 // rsq(-INF) = NAN  V_RSQ_F32(0x80000000) => 0xff800000 // rsq(-0.0) = -INF  V_RSQ_F32(0x00000000) => 0x7f800000 // rsq(+0.0) = +INF  V_RSQ_F32(0x40800000) => 0x3f000000 // rsq(+4.0) = +0.5  V_RSQ_F32(0x7f800000) => 0x00000000 // rsq(+INF) = +0 37 V_RCP_F64   D.d = 1.0 / S0.d.Reciprocal with IEEE rules. Precision is (2**29) ULP, and supportsdenormals. 38 V_RSQ_F64   D.f16 = 1.0 / sqrt(S0.f16).Reciprocal square root with IEEE rules. Precision is (2**29) ULP, andsupports denormals. 39 V_SQRT_F32   D.f = sqrt(S0.f).Square root. 1ULP accuracy, denormals are flushed.Examples:  V_SQRT_F32(0xff800000) => 0xffc00000 // sqrt(-INF) = NAN  V_SQRT_F32(0x80000000) => 0x80000000 // sqrt(-0.0) = -0  V_SQRT_F32(0x00000000) => 0x00000000 // sqrt(+0.0) = +0  V_SQRT_F32(0x40800000) => 0x40000000 // sqrt(+4.0) = +2.0  V_SQRT_F32(0x7f800000) => 0x7f800000 // sqrt(+INF) = +INF 40 V_SQRT_F64   D.d = sqrt(S0.d).Square root. Precision is (2**29) ULP, and supports denormals. 41 V_SIN_F32   D.f = sin(S0.f * 2 * PI).Trigonometric sine. Denormals are supported.Examples:  V_SIN_F32(0xff800000) => 0xffc00000 // sin(-INF) = NAN  V_SIN_F32(0xff7fffff) => 0x00000000 // -MaxFloat, finite  V_SIN_F32(0x80000000) => 0x80000000 // sin(-0.0) = -0  V_SIN_F32(0x3e800000) => 0x3f800000 // sin(0.25) = 1  V_SIN_F32(0x7f800000) => 0xffc00000 // sin(+INF) = NAN 42 V_COS_F32   D.f = cos(S0.f * 2 * PI).Trigonometric cosine. Denormals are supported.Examples:  V_COS_F32(0xff800000) => 0xffc00000 // cos(-INF) = NAN  V_COS_F32(0xff7fffff) => 0x3f800000 // -MaxFloat, finite  V_COS_F32(0x80000000) => 0x3f800000 // cos(-0.0) = 1  V_COS_F32(0x3e800000) => 0x00000000 // cos(0.25) = 0  V_COS_F32(0x7f800000) => 0xffc00000 // cos(+INF) = NAN
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Opcode Name Description 43 V_NOT_B32   D.u = ~S0.u.Bitwise negation. Input and output modifiers not supported. 44 V_BFREV_B32   D.u[31:0] = S0.u[0:31].Bitfield reverse. Input and output modifiers not supported. 45 V_FFBH_U32   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... 31 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0.u[31 - i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor.Counts how many zeros before the first one starting from the MSB.Returns -1 if there are no ones.Examples:  V_FFBH_U32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  V_FFBH_U32(0x800000ff) => 0  V_FFBH_U32(0x100000ff) => 3  V_FFBH_U32(0x0000ffff) => 16  V_FFBH_U32(0x00000001) => 31 46 V_FFBL_B32   D.i = -1; // Set if no ones are found for i in 0 ... 31 do // Search from LSB  if S0.u[i] == 1 then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor.Returns the bit position of the first one from the LSB, or -1 if thereare no ones.Examples:  V_FFBL_B32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  V_FFBL_B32(0xff000001) => 0  V_FFBL_B32(0xff000008) => 3  V_FFBL_B32(0xffff0000) => 16  V_FFBL_B32(0x80000000) => 31
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Opcode Name Description 47 V_FFBH_I32   D.i = -1; // Set if all bits are the same for i in 1 ... 31 do  // Note: search is from the MSB  if S0.i[31 - i] != S0.i[31] then  D.i = i;  break for;  endif; endfor.Counts how many bits in a row (from MSB to LSB) are the same as thesign bit. Returns -1 if all bits are the same.Examples:  V_FFBH_I32(0x00000000) => 0xffffffff  V_FFBH_I32(0x40000000) => 1  V_FFBH_I32(0x80000000) => 1  V_FFBH_I32(0x0fffffff) => 4  V_FFBH_I32(0xffff0000) => 16  V_FFBH_I32(0xfffffffe) => 31  V_FFBH_I32(0xffffffff) => 0xffffffff 48 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64   if(S0.d == +-INF || S0.d == NAN) then  D.i = 0; else  D.i = TwosComplement(Exponent(S0.d) - 1023 + 1); endif.Returns exponent of single precision float input, such that S0.d =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_MANT_F64, whichreturns the significand. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 49 V_FREXP_MANT_F64   if(S0.d == +-INF || S0.d == NAN) then  D.d = S0.d; else  D.d = Mantissa(S0.d); endif.Result range is in (-1.0,-0.5][0.5,1.0) in typical cases. Returnsbinary significand of double precision float input, such that S0.d =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64, whichreturns integer exponent. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 50 V_FRACT_F64   D.d = S0.d + -floor(S0.d).Return fractional portion of a number. 0.5ULP accuracy, denormals areaccepted.
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Opcode Name Description 51 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F32   if(S0.f == +-INF || S0.f == NAN) then  D.i = 0; else  D.i = TwosComplement(Exponent(S0.f) - 127 + 1); endif.Returns exponent of single precision float input, such that S0.f =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_MANT_F32, whichreturns the significand. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 52 V_FREXP_MANT_F32   if(S0.f == +-INF || S0.f == NAN) then  D.f = S0.f; else  D.f = Mantissa(S0.f); endif.Result range is in (-1.0,-0.5][0.5,1.0) in typical cases. Returnsbinary significand of single precision float input, such that S0.f =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F32, whichreturns integer exponent. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 53 V_CLREXCP  Clear wave's exception state in SIMD (SP).
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Opcode Name Description 55 V_SCREEN_PARTITION_4SE_B32   D.u = TABLE[S0.u[7:0]]. TABLE:  0x1, 0x3, 0x7, 0xf, 0x5, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x7, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0x2, 0x6, 0xe, 0xf, 0xa, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xb, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0xd, 0xf, 0x4, 0xc, 0xf, 0xf, 0x5, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xd, 0xf, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0x9, 0xb, 0xf, 0x8, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xa, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xe, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x4, 0xc, 0xd, 0xf, 0x6, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xe,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x8, 0x9, 0xb, 0xf, 0x9, 0x9, 0xf, 0xf,0xd, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x7, 0xf, 0x1, 0x3, 0xf, 0xf, 0x9, 0xf, 0xf,0xf, 0xb, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x6, 0xe, 0xf, 0x2, 0x6, 0xf, 0xf, 0x6, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0x7,  0xb, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x2, 0x3, 0xb, 0xf, 0xa,0xf, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0x7, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x1, 0x9, 0xd, 0xf,0x5, 0xf, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xe, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xe, 0xf, 0x8, 0xc, 0xf,0xf, 0xa, 0xf,  0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xd, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x6, 0x7, 0xf, 0x4, 0xf,0xf, 0xf, 0x5,  0x9, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xd, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x8,0xc, 0xe, 0xf,  0xf, 0x6, 0x6, 0xf, 0xf, 0xe, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf,0x4, 0x6, 0x7,  0xf, 0xf, 0x6, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x7, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xb,0xf, 0x2, 0x3,  0x9, 0xf, 0xf, 0x9, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xb, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0xf, 0x9,0xd, 0xf, 0x14SE version of LUT instruction for screen partitioning/filtering. Thisopcode is intended to accelerate screen partitioning in the 4SE caseonly. 2SE and 1SE cases use normal ALU instructions.This opcode returns a 4-bit bitmask indicating which SE backends arecovered by a rectangle from (x_min, y_min) to (x_max, y_max). With 32-pixel tiles the SE for (x, y) is given by { x[5] ^ y[6], y[5] ^ x[6]} . Using this formula we can determine which SEs are covered by alarger rectangle.The primitive shader must perform the following operation before theopcode is called.1. Compute the bounding box of the primitive (x_min, y_min) (upperleft) and (x_max, y_max) (lower right), in pixels.2. Check for any extents that do not need to use the opcode --- if((x_max/32 - x_min/32 >= 3) OR ((y_max/32 - y_min/32 >= 3) (tilesize of 32) then all backends are covered.3. Call the opcode with this 8 bit select: { x_min[6:5], y_min[6:5],x_max[6:5], y_max[6:5] } .
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Opcode Name Description 57 V_CVT_F16_U16   D.f16 = uint16_to_flt16(S.u16).0.5ULP accuracy, supports denormals, rounding, exception flags andsaturation. 58 V_CVT_F16_I16   D.f16 = int16_to_flt16(S.i16).0.5ULP accuracy, supports denormals, rounding, exception flags andsaturation. 59 V_CVT_U16_F16   D.u16 = flt16_to_uint16(S.f16).1ULP accuracy, supports rounding, exception flags and saturation. FP16denormals are accepted. Conversion is done with truncation.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 60 V_CVT_I16_F16   D.i16 = flt16_to_int16(S.f16).1ULP accuracy, supports rounding, exception flags and saturation. FP16denormals are accepted. Conversion is done with truncation.Generation of the INEXACT exception is controlled by the CLAMP bit.INEXACT exceptions are enabled for this conversion iff CLAMP == 1. 61 V_RCP_F16   D.f16 = 1.0 / S0.f16.Reciprocal with IEEE rules and 0.51ULP accuracy.Examples:  V_RCP_F16(0xfc00) => 0x8000 // rcp(-INF) = -0  V_RCP_F16(0xc000) => 0xb800 // rcp(-2.0) = -0.5  V_RCP_F16(0x8000) => 0xfc00 // rcp(-0.0) = -INF  V_RCP_F16(0x0000) => 0x7c00 // rcp(+0.0) = +INF  V_RCP_F16(0x7c00) => 0x0000 // rcp(+INF) = +0 62 V_SQRT_F16   D.f16 = sqrt(S0.f16).Square root. 0.51ULP accuracy, denormals are supported.Examples:  V_SQRT_F16(0xfc00) => 0xfe00 // sqrt(-INF) = NAN  V_SQRT_F16(0x8000) => 0x8000 // sqrt(-0.0) = -0  V_SQRT_F16(0x0000) => 0x0000 // sqrt(+0.0) = +0  V_SQRT_F16(0x4400) => 0x4000 // sqrt(+4.0) = +2.0  V_SQRT_F16(0x7c00) => 0x7c00 // sqrt(+INF) = +INF 63 V_RSQ_F16   D.f16 = 1.0 / sqrt(S0.f16).Reciprocal square root with IEEE rules. 0.51ULP accuracy, denormalsare supported.Examples:  V_RSQ_F16(0xfc00) => 0xfe00 // rsq(-INF) = NAN  V_RSQ_F16(0x8000) => 0xfc00 // rsq(-0.0) = -INF  V_RSQ_F16(0x0000) => 0x7c00 // rsq(+0.0) = +INF  V_RSQ_F16(0x4400) => 0x3800 // rsq(+4.0) = +0.5  V_RSQ_F16(0x7c00) => 0x0000 // rsq(+INF) = +0
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Opcode Name Description 64 V_LOG_F16   D.f16 = log2(S0.f).Base 2 logarithm. 0.51ULP accuracy, denormals are supported.Examples:  V_LOG_F16(0xfc00) => 0xfe00 // log(-INF) = NAN  V_LOG_F16(0xbc00) => 0xfe00 // log(-1.0) = NAN  V_LOG_F16(0x8000) => 0xfc00 // log(-0.0) = -INF  V_LOG_F16(0x0000) => 0xfc00 // log(+0.0) = -INF  V_LOG_F16(0x3c00) => 0x0000 // log(+1.0) = 0  V_LOG_F16(0x7c00) => 0x7c00 // log(+INF) = +INF 65 V_EXP_F16   D.f16 = pow(2.0, S0.f16).Base 2 exponentiation. 0.51ULP accuracy, denormals are supported.Examples:  V_EXP_F16(0xfc00) => 0x0000 // exp(-INF) = 0  V_EXP_F16(0x8000) => 0x3c00 // exp(-0.0) = 1  V_EXP_F16(0x7c00) => 0x7c00 // exp(+INF) = +INF 66 V_FREXP_MANT_F16   if(S0.f16 == +-INF || S0.f16 == NAN) then  D.f16 = S0.f16; else  D.f16 = Mantissa(S0.f16); endif.Result range is in (-1.0,-0.5][0.5,1.0) in typical cases. Returnsbinary significand of half precision float input, such that S0.f16 =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_EXP_I16_F16, whichreturns integer exponent. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 67 V_FREXP_EXP_I16_F16   if(S0.f16 == +-INF || S0.f16 == NAN) then  D.i = 0; else  D.i = TwosComplement(Exponent(S0.f16) - 15 + 1); endif.Returns exponent of half precision float input, such that S0.f16 =significand * (2 ** exponent). See also V_FREXP_MANT_F16, whichreturns the significand. See the C library function frexp() for moreinformation. 68 V_FLOOR_F16   D.f16 = trunc(S0.f16); if(S0.f16 < 0.0f && S0.f16 != D.f16) then  D.f16 -= 1.0; endif.Round down to previous whole integer. 69 V_CEIL_F16   D.f16 = trunc(S0.f16); if(S0.f16 > 0.0f && S0.f16 != D.f16) then  D.f16 += 1.0; endif.Round up to next whole integer.
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Opcode Name Description 70 V_TRUNC_F16   D.f16 = trunc(S0.f16).Return integer part of S0.f16, round-to-zero semantics. 71 V_RNDNE_F16   D.f16 = floor(S0.f16 + 0.5); if(floor(S0.f16) is even && fract(S0.f16) == 0.5) then  D.f16 -= 1.0; endif.Round-to-nearest-even semantics. 72 V_FRACT_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 + -floor(S0.f16).Return fractional portion of a number. 0.5ULP accuracy, denormals areaccepted. 73 V_SIN_F16   D.f16 = sin(S0.f16 * 2 * PI).Trigonometric sine. Denormals are supported.Examples:  V_SIN_F16(0xfc00) => 0xfe00 // sin(-INF) = NAN  V_SIN_F16(0xfbff) => 0x0000 // Most negative finite FP16  V_SIN_F16(0x8000) => 0x8000 // sin(-0.0) = -0  V_SIN_F16(0x3400) => 0x3c00 // sin(0.25) = 1  V_SIN_F16(0x7bff) => 0x0000 // Most positive finite FP16  V_SIN_F16(0x7c00) => 0xfe00 // sin(+INF) = NAN 74 V_COS_F16   D.f16 = cos(S0.f16 * 2 * PI).Trigonometric cosine. Denormals are supported.Examples:  V_COS_F16(0xfc00) => 0xfe00 // cos(-INF) = NAN  V_COS_F16(0xfbff) => 0x3c00 // Most negative finite FP16  V_COS_F16(0x8000) => 0x3c00 // cos(-0.0) = 1  V_COS_F16(0x3400) => 0x0000 // cos(0.25) = 0  V_COS_F16(0x7bff) => 0x3c00 // Most positive finite FP16  V_COS_F16(0x7c00) => 0xfe00 // cos(+INF) = NAN 75 V_EXP_LEGACY_F32   D.f = pow(2.0, S0.f).Power with legacy semantics. 76 V_LOG_LEGACY_F32   D.f = log2(S0.f).Base 2 logarithm with legacy semantics. 77 V_CVT_NORM_I16_F16   D.i16 = flt16_to_snorm16(S.f16).0.5ULP accuracy, supports rounding, exception flags and saturation,denormals are supported. 78 V_CVT_NORM_U16_F16   D.u16 = flt16_to_unorm16(S.f16).0.5ULP accuracy, supports rounding, exception flags and saturation,denormals are supported. 79 V_SAT_PK_U8_I16   D.u32 = {16'b0, sat8(S.u[31:16]), sat8(S.u[15:0])}.
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Opcode Name Description 81 V_SWAP_B32   tmp = D.u; D.u = S0.u; S0.u = tmp.Swap operands. Input and output modifiers not supported; this is anuntyped operation. 82 V_ACCVGPR_MOV_B32   Move one AccVGPR to another AccVGPR.12.8.1. VOP1 using VOP3 encodingInstructions in this format may also be encoded as VOP3. This allows access to the extracontrol bits (e.g. ABS, OMOD) in exchange for not being able to use a literal constant. TheVOP3 opcode is: VOP2 opcode + 0x140.
12.9. VOPC InstructionsThe bitfield map for VOPC is:
  where:  SRC0 = First operand for instruction.  VSRC1 = Second operand for instruction.  OP = Instructions.  All VOPC instructions can alternatively be encoded in the VOP3A format.Compare instructions perform the same compare operation on each lane (workItem or thread)using that lane’s private data, and producing a 1 bit result per lane into VCC or EXEC.Instructions in this format may use a 32-bit literal constant which occurs immediately after theinstruction.Most compare instructions fall into one of two categories:
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•Those which can use one of 16 compare operations (floating point types). "{COMPF}"•Those which can use one of 8 compare operations (integer types). "{COMPI}"The opcode number is such that for these the opcode number can be calculated from a baseopcode number for the data type, plus an offset for the specific compare operation.Table 48. Instructions with Sixteen Compare Operations Compare Operation Opcode Offset Description F 0 D.u = 0 LT 1 D.u = (S0 < S1) EQ 2 D.u = (S0 == S1) LE 3 D.u = (S0 <= S1) GT 4 D.u = (S0 > S1) LG 5 D.u = (S0 <> S1) GE 6 D.u = (S0 >= S1) O 7 D.u = (!isNaN(S0) && !isNaN(S1)) U 8 D.u = (!isNaN(S0) || !isNaN(S1)) NGE 9 D.u = !(S0 >= S1) NLG 10 D.u = !(S0 <> S1) NGT 11 D.u = !(S0 > S1) NLE 12 D.u = !(S0 <= S1) NEQ 13 D.u = !(S0 == S1) NLT 14 D.u = !(S0 < S1) TRU 15 D.u = 1Table 49. Instructions with Sixteen Compare Operations Instruction Description Hex Range V_CMP_{COMPF}_F16 16-bit float compare. 0x20 to 0x2F V_CMPX_{COMPF}_F16 16-bit float compare. Also writes EXEC. 0x30 to 0x3F V_CMP_{COMPF}_F32 32-bit float compare. 0x40 to 0x4F V_CMPX_{COMPF}_F32 32-bit float compare. Also writes EXEC. 0x50 to 0x5F V_CMPS_{COMPF}_F64 64-bit float compare. 0x60 to 0x6F V_CMPSX_{COMPF}_F64 64-bit float compare. Also writes EXEC. 0x70 to 0x7FTable 50. Instructions with Sixteen Compare Operations Compare Operation Opcode Offset Description F 0 D.u = 0
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Compare Operation Opcode Offset Description LT 1 D.u = (S0 < S1) EQ 2 D.u = (S0 == S1) LE 3 D.u = (S0 <= S1) GT 4 D.u = (S0 > S1) LG 5 D.u = (S0 <> S1) GE 6 D.u = (S0 >= S1) TRU 7 D.u = 1Table 51. Instructions with Eight Compare Operations Instruction Description Hex Range V_CMP_{COMPI}_I16 16-bit signed integer compare. 0xA0 - 0xA7 V_CMP_{COMPI}_U16 16-bit signed integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xA8 - 0xAF V_CMPX_{COMPI}_I16 16-bit unsigned integer compare. 0xB0 - 0xB7 V_CMPX_{COMPI}_U16 16-bit unsigned integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xB8 - 0xBF V_CMP_{COMPI}_I32 32-bit signed integer compare. 0xC0 - 0xC7 V_CMP_{COMPI}_U32 32-bit signed integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xC8 - 0xCF V_CMPX_{COMPI}_I32 32-bit unsigned integer compare. 0xD0 - 0xD7 V_CMPX_{COMPI}_U32 32-bit unsigned integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xD8 - 0xDF V_CMP_{COMPI}_I64 64-bit signed integer compare. 0xE0 - 0xE7 V_CMP_{COMPI}_U64 64-bit signed integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xE8 - 0xEF V_CMPX_{COMPI}_I64 64-bit unsigned integer compare. 0xF0 - 0xF7 V_CMPX_{COMPI}_U64 64-bit unsigned integer compare. Also writes EXEC. 0xF8 - 0xFFTable 52. VOPC Compare Opcodes Opcode Name Description 16 V_CMP_CLASS_F32  VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performed on S0.fThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity.
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Opcode Name Description 17 V_CMPX_CLASS_F32  EXEC = VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performedon S0.fThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity. 18 V_CMP_CLASS_F64  VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performed on S0.dThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity. 19 V_CMPX_CLASS_F64  EXEC = VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performedon S0.dThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity.
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Opcode Name Description 20 V_CMP_CLASS_F16  VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performed onS0.f16. Note that the S1 has a format of f16 since floating point literalconstants are interpreted as 16 bit value for this opcodeThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity. 21 V_CMPX_CLASS_F16  EXEC = VCC = IEEE numeric class function specified in S1.u, performedon S0.f16 Note that the S1 has a format of f16 since floating point literalconstants are interpreted as 16 bit value for this opcodeThe function reports true if the floating point value is *any* of thenumeric types selected in S1.u according to the following list:S1.u[0] -- value is a signaling NaN.S1.u[1] -- value is a quiet NaN.S1.u[2] -- value is negative infinity.S1.u[3] -- value is a negative normal value.S1.u[4] -- value is a negative denormal value.S1.u[5] -- value is negative zero.S1.u[6] -- value is positive zero.S1.u[7] -- value is a positive denormal value.S1.u[8] -- value is a positive normal value.S1.u[9] -- value is positive infinity. 32 V_CMP_F_F16   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 33 V_CMP_LT_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 34 V_CMP_EQ_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 35 V_CMP_LE_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 36 V_CMP_GT_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 37 V_CMP_LG_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 38 V_CMP_GE_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 39 V_CMP_O_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)). 40 V_CMP_U_F16   D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 41 V_CMP_NGE_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as <. 42 V_CMP_NLG_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as ==.
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Opcode Name Description 43 V_CMP_NGT_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as <=. 44 V_CMP_NLE_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as >. 45 V_CMP_NEQ_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as !=. 46 V_CMP_NLT_F16   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as >=. 47 V_CMP_TRU_F16   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 48 V_CMPX_F_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 49 V_CMPX_LT_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 50 V_CMPX_EQ_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 51 V_CMPX_LE_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 52 V_CMPX_GT_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 53 V_CMPX_LG_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 54 V_CMPX_GE_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 55 V_CMPX_O_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)). 56 V_CMPX_U_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 57 V_CMPX_NGE_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <. 58 V_CMPX_NLG_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as ==. 59 V_CMPX_NGT_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <=. 60 V_CMPX_NLE_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >. 61 V_CMPX_NEQ_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as !=. 62 V_CMPX_NLT_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >=. 63 V_CMPX_TRU_F16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 64 V_CMP_F_F32   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 65 V_CMP_LT_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 66 V_CMP_EQ_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 67 V_CMP_LE_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 68 V_CMP_GT_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 69 V_CMP_LG_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 70 V_CMP_GE_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 71 V_CMP_O_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)).
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Opcode Name Description 72 V_CMP_U_F32   D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 73 V_CMP_NGE_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as <. 74 V_CMP_NLG_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as ==. 75 V_CMP_NGT_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as <=. 76 V_CMP_NLE_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as >. 77 V_CMP_NEQ_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as !=. 78 V_CMP_NLT_F32   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as >=. 79 V_CMP_TRU_F32   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 80 V_CMPX_F_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 81 V_CMPX_LT_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 82 V_CMPX_EQ_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 83 V_CMPX_LE_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 84 V_CMPX_GT_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 85 V_CMPX_LG_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 86 V_CMPX_GE_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 87 V_CMPX_O_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)). 88 V_CMPX_U_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 89 V_CMPX_NGE_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <. 90 V_CMPX_NLG_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as ==. 91 V_CMPX_NGT_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <=. 92 V_CMPX_NLE_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >. 93 V_CMPX_NEQ_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as !=. 94 V_CMPX_NLT_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >=. 95 V_CMPX_TRU_F32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 96 V_CMP_F_F64   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 97 V_CMP_LT_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 98 V_CMP_EQ_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 99 V_CMP_LE_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1).
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Opcode Name Description 100 V_CMP_GT_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 101 V_CMP_LG_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 102 V_CMP_GE_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 103 V_CMP_O_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)). 104 V_CMP_U_F64   D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 105 V_CMP_NGE_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as <. 106 V_CMP_NLG_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as ==. 107 V_CMP_NGT_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as <=. 108 V_CMP_NLE_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as >. 109 V_CMP_NEQ_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputs this is not thesame operation as !=. 110 V_CMP_NLT_F64   D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputs this is not the sameoperation as >=. 111 V_CMP_TRU_F64   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 112 V_CMPX_F_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 113 V_CMPX_LT_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 114 V_CMPX_EQ_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 115 V_CMPX_LE_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 116 V_CMPX_GT_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 117 V_CMPX_LG_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 118 V_CMPX_GE_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 119 V_CMPX_O_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (!isNan(S0) && !isNan(S1)). 120 V_CMPX_U_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (isNan(S0) || isNan(S1)). 121 V_CMPX_NGE_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 >= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <. 122 V_CMPX_NLG_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <> S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as ==. 123 V_CMPX_NGT_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 > S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as <=. 124 V_CMPX_NLE_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 <= S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >. 125 V_CMPX_NEQ_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 == S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as !=. 126 V_CMPX_NLT_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = !(S0 < S1) // With NAN inputsthis is not the same operation as >=. 127 V_CMPX_TRU_F64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1.
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Opcode Name Description 160 V_CMP_F_I16   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 161 V_CMP_LT_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 162 V_CMP_EQ_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 163 V_CMP_LE_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 164 V_CMP_GT_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 165 V_CMP_NE_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 166 V_CMP_GE_I16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 167 V_CMP_T_I16   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 168 V_CMP_F_U16   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 169 V_CMP_LT_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 170 V_CMP_EQ_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 171 V_CMP_LE_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 172 V_CMP_GT_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 173 V_CMP_NE_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 174 V_CMP_GE_U16   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 175 V_CMP_T_U16   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 176 V_CMPX_F_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 177 V_CMPX_LT_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 178 V_CMPX_EQ_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 179 V_CMPX_LE_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 180 V_CMPX_GT_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 181 V_CMPX_NE_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 182 V_CMPX_GE_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 183 V_CMPX_T_I16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 184 V_CMPX_F_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 185 V_CMPX_LT_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 186 V_CMPX_EQ_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 187 V_CMPX_LE_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 188 V_CMPX_GT_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 189 V_CMPX_NE_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 190 V_CMPX_GE_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 191 V_CMPX_T_U16   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 192 V_CMP_F_I32   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 193 V_CMP_LT_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1).
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Opcode Name Description 194 V_CMP_EQ_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 195 V_CMP_LE_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 196 V_CMP_GT_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 197 V_CMP_NE_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 198 V_CMP_GE_I32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 199 V_CMP_T_I32   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 200 V_CMP_F_U32   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 201 V_CMP_LT_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 202 V_CMP_EQ_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 203 V_CMP_LE_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 204 V_CMP_GT_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 205 V_CMP_NE_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 206 V_CMP_GE_U32   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 207 V_CMP_T_U32   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 208 V_CMPX_F_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 209 V_CMPX_LT_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 210 V_CMPX_EQ_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 211 V_CMPX_LE_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 212 V_CMPX_GT_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 213 V_CMPX_NE_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 214 V_CMPX_GE_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 215 V_CMPX_T_I32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 216 V_CMPX_F_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 217 V_CMPX_LT_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 218 V_CMPX_EQ_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 219 V_CMPX_LE_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 220 V_CMPX_GT_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 221 V_CMPX_NE_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 222 V_CMPX_GE_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 223 V_CMPX_T_U32   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 224 V_CMP_F_I64   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 225 V_CMP_LT_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 226 V_CMP_EQ_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 227 V_CMP_LE_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1).
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Opcode Name Description 228 V_CMP_GT_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 229 V_CMP_NE_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 230 V_CMP_GE_I64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 231 V_CMP_T_I64   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 232 V_CMP_F_U64   D.u64[threadId] = 0. 233 V_CMP_LT_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 234 V_CMP_EQ_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 235 V_CMP_LE_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 236 V_CMP_GT_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 237 V_CMP_NE_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 238 V_CMP_GE_U64   D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 239 V_CMP_T_U64   D.u64[threadId] = 1. 240 V_CMPX_F_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 241 V_CMPX_LT_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 242 V_CMPX_EQ_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 243 V_CMPX_LE_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 244 V_CMPX_GT_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 245 V_CMPX_NE_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 246 V_CMPX_GE_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 247 V_CMPX_T_I64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1. 248 V_CMPX_F_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 0. 249 V_CMPX_LT_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 < S1). 250 V_CMPX_EQ_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 == S1). 251 V_CMPX_LE_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <= S1). 252 V_CMPX_GT_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 > S1). 253 V_CMPX_NE_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 <> S1). 254 V_CMPX_GE_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = (S0 >= S1). 255 V_CMPX_T_U64   EXEC[threadId] = D.u64[threadId] = 1.12.9.1. VOPC using VOP3A encodingInstructions in this format may also be encoded as VOP3A. This allows access to the extracontrol bits (e.g. ABS, OMOD) in exchange for not being able to use a literal constant. TheVOP3 opcode is: VOP2 opcode + 0x000.
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When the CLAMP microcode bit is set to 1, these compare instructions signal an exceptionwhen either of the inputs is NaN. When CLAMP is set to zero, NaN does not signal anexception. The second eight VOPC instructions have {OP8} embedded in them. This refers toeach of the compare operations listed below.
where:  VDST = Destination for instruction in the VGPR.  ABS = Floating-point absolute value.  CLMP = Clamp output.  OP = Instructions.  SRC0 = First operand for instruction.  SRC1 = Second operand for instruction.  SRC2 = Third operand for instruction. Unused in VOPC instructions.  OMOD = Output modifier for instruction. Unused in VOPC instructions.  NEG = Floating-point negation.12.10. VOP3P Instructions
Opcode Name Description 0 V_PK_MAD_I16  D.i[31:16] = S0.i[31:16] * S1.i[31:16] + S2.i[31:16] . D.i[15:0] =S0.i[15:0] * S1.i[15:0] + S2.i[15:0] . 1 V_PK_MUL_LO_U16  D.u[31:16] = S0.u[31:16] * S1.u[31:16] . D.u[15:0] = S0.u[15:0] *S1.u[15:0] . 2 V_PK_ADD_I16  D.i[31:16] = S0.i[31:16] + S1.i[31:16] . D.i[15:0] = S0.i[15:0] +S1.i[15:0] . 3 V_PK_SUB_I16  D.i[31:16] = S0.i[31:16] - S1.i[31:16] . D.i[15:0] = S0.i[15:0] -S1.i[15:0] . 4 V_PK_LSHLREV_B16  D.u[31:16] = S1.u[31:16] << S0.u[19:16] . D.u[15:0] = S1.u[15:0] <<S0.u[3:0] . 5 V_PK_LSHRREV_B16  D.u[31:16] = S1.u[31:16] >> S0.u[19:16] . D.u[15:0] = S1.u[15:0] >>S0.u[3:0] . 6 V_PK_ASHRREV_I16  D.i[31:16] = S1.i[31:16] >> S0.i[19:16] . D.i[15:0] = S1.i[15:0] >>S0.i[3:0] .
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Opcode Name Description 7 V_PK_MAX_I16  D.i[31:16] = (S0.i[31:16] >= S1.i[31:16]) ? S0.i[31:16] : S1.i[31:16]. D.i[15:0] = (S0.i[15:0] >= S1.i[15:0]) ? S0.i[15:0] : S1.i[15:0]. 8 V_PK_MIN_I16  D.i[31:16] = (S0.i[31:16] < S1.i[31:16]) ? S0.i[31:16] : S1.i[31:16]. D.i[15:0] = (S0.i[15:0] < S1.i[15:0]) ? S0.i[15:0] : S1.i[15:0] 9 V_PK_MAD_U16  D.u[31:16] = S0.u[31:16] * S1.u[31:16] + S2.u[31:16] . D.u[15:0] =S0.u[15:0] * S1.u[15:0] + S2.u[15:0] . 10 V_PK_ADD_U16  D.u[31:16] = S0.u[31:16] + S1.u[31:16] . D.u[15:0] = S0.u[15:0] +S1.u[15:0] . 11 V_PK_SUB_U16  D.u[31:16] = S0.u[31:16] - S1.u[31:16] . D.u[15:0] = S0.u[15:0] -S1.u[15:0] . 12 V_PK_MAX_U16  D.u[31:16] = (S0.u[31:16] >= S1.u[31:16]) ? S0.u[31:16] : S1.u[31:16]. D.u[15:0] = (S0.u[15:0] >= S1.u[15:0]) ? S0.u[15:0] : S1.u[15:0]. 13 V_PK_MIN_U16  D.u[31:16] = (S0.u[31:16] < S1.u[31:16]) ? S0.u[31:16] : S1.u[31:16]. D.u[15:0] = (S0.u[15:0] < S1.u[15:0]) ? S0.u[15:0] : S1.u[15:0]. 14 V_PK_FMA_F16  D.f[31:16] = S0.f[31:16] * S1.f[31:16] + S2.f[31:16] . D.f[15:0] =S0.f[15:0] * S1.f[15:0] + S2.f[15:0] .Fused half-precision multiply add. 15 V_PK_ADD_F16  D.f[31:16] = S0.f[31:16] + S1.f[31:16] . D.f[15:0] = S0.f[15:0] +S1.f[15:0] . 16 V_PK_MUL_F16  D.f[31:16] = S0.f[31:16] * S1.f[31:16] . D.f[15:0] = S0.f[15:0] *S1.f[15:0] . 17 V_PK_MIN_F16  D.f[31:16] = min(S0.f[31:16], S1.f[31:16]) . D.f[15:0] =min(S0.f[15:0], S1.u[15:0]) . 18 V_PK_MAX_F16  D.f[31:16] = max(S0.f[31:16], S1.f[31:16]) . D.f[15:0] =max(S0.f[15:0], S1.f[15:0]) . 32 V_MAD_MIX_F32  D.f[31:0] = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f. Size and location of S0, S1 and S2controlled by OPSEL: 0=src[31:0], 1=src[31:0], 2=src[15:0],3=src[31:16]. Also, for MAD_MIX, the NEG_HI field acts instead as anabsolute-value modifier. 33 V_MAD_MIXLO_F16  D.f[15:0] = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f. Size and location of S0, S1 and S2controlled by OPSEL: 0=src[31:0], 1=src[31:0], 2=src[15:0],3=src[31:16]. Also, for MAD_MIX, the NEG_HI field acts instead as anabsolute-value modifier. 34 V_MAD_MIXHI_F16  D.f[31:16] = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f. Size and location of S0, S1 and S2controlled by OPSEL: 0=src[31:0], 1=src[31:0], 2=src[15:0],3=src[31:16]. Also, for MAD_MIX, the NEG_HI field acts instead as anabsolute-value modifier. 35 V_DOT2_F32_F16  D.f32 = S0.f16[0] * S1.f16[0] + S0.f16[1] * S1.f16[1] + S2.f32 38 V_DOT2_I32_I16  D.i32 = S0.i16[0] * S1.i16[0] + S0.i16[1] * S1.i16[1] + S2.i32 39 V_DOT2_U32_U16  D.u32 = S0.u16[0] * S1.u16[0] + S0.u16[1] * S1.u16[1] + S2.u32 40 V_DOT4_I32_I8  D.i32 = S0.i8[0] * S1.i8[0] + S0.i8[1] * S1.i8[1] + S0.i8[2] *S1.i8[2] + S0.i8[3] * S1.i8[3] + S2.i32
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Opcode Name Description 41 V_DOT4_U32_U8  D.u32 = S0.u8[0] * S1.u8[0] + S0.u8[1] * S1.u8[1] + S0.u8[2] *S1.u8[2] + S0.u8[3] * S1.u8[3] + S2.u32 42 V_DOT8_I32_I4  D.i32 = S0.i4[0] * S1.i4[0] + S0.i4[1] * S1.i4[1] + S0.i4[2] *S1.i4[2] + S0.i4[3] * S1.i4[3] + S0.i4[4] * S1.i4[4] + S0.i4[5] *S1.i4[5] + S0.i4[6] * S1.i4[6] + S0.i4[7] * S1.i4[7] + S2.i32 43 V_DOT8_U32_U4  D.u32 = S0.u4[0] * S1.u4[0] + S0.u4[1] * S1.u4[1] + S0.u4[2] *S1.u4[2] + S0.u4[3] * S1.u4[3] + S0.u4[4] * S1.u4[4] + S0.u4[5] *S1.u4[5] + S0.u4[6] * S1.u4[6] + S0.u4[7] * S1.u4[7] + S2.u32 48 V_PK_FMA_F32  D.f[63:32] = S0.f[63:32] * S1.f[63:32] + S2.f[63:32] . D.f[31:0] =S0.f[31:0] * S1.f[31:0] + S2.f[31:0] .Packed single precision FMA_F32 instruction. 49 V_PK_MUL_F32  D.f[63:32] = S0.f[63:32] * S1.f[63:32] . D.f[31:0] = S0.f[31:0] *S1.f[31:0] .Packed single precision MUL_F32 instruction. 50 V_PK_ADD_F32  D.f[63:32] = S0.f[63:32] + S1.f[63:32] . D.f[31:0] = S0.f[31:0] +S1.f[31:0] .Packed single precision ADD_F32 instruction. 51 V_PK_MOV_B32  D.u[63:32] = S1.u[31:0]; D.u[31:0] = S0.u[31:0].Packed single precision MOV_B32 instruction. 64 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X1F32  D(32x32F32) = A(32x1F32) x B(1x32F32) + C(32x32F32), 2 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 32 accVGPR 65 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X1F32  D(16x16F32) = A(16x1F32) x B(1x16F32) + C(16x16F32), 4 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 66 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X1F32  D(4x4F32) = A(4x1F32) x B(1x4F32) + C(4x4F32), 16 Blocks, 2 pass,srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 68 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X2F32  D(32x32F32) = A(32x2F32) x B(2x32F32) + C(32x32F32), 1 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 69 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4F32  D(16x16F32) = A(16x4F32) x B(4x16F32) + C(16x16F32), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 72 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4F16  D(32x32F32) = A(32x1F16) x B(1x32F16) + C(32x32F32), 2 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB 2 archVgpr, srcC/D 32 accVGPR 73 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4F16  D(16x16F32) = A(16x4F16) x B(4x16F16) + C(16x16F32), 4 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 2 archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 74 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X4F16  D(4x4F32) = A(4x4F16) x B(4x4F16) + C(4x4F32), 16 Blocks, 2 pass,srcA/srcB 2 archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 76 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X8F16  D(32x32F32) = A(32x8F16) x B(8x32F16) + C(32x32F32), 1 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB 2 archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 77 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X16F16  D(16x16F32) = A(16x16F16) x B(16x16F16) + C(16x16F32), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 2 archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 80 V_MFMA_I32_32X32X4I8  D(32x32I32) = A(32x1I8) x B(1x32I8) + C(32x32I32), 2 Blocks, 16 pass,srcA/srcB 1 archVgpr, srcC/D 32 accVGPR
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Opcode Name Description 81 V_MFMA_I32_16X16X4I8  D(16x16I32) = A(16x4I8) x B(4x16I8) + C(16x16I32), 4 Blocks, 8 pass,srcA/srcB 1 archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 82 V_MFMA_I32_4X4X4I8  D(4x4I32) = A(4x4I8) x B(4x4I8) + C(4x4I32), 16 Blocks, 2 pass,srcA/srcB 1 archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 84 V_MFMA_I32_32X32X8I8  D(32x32I32) = A(32x8I8) x B(8x32I8) + C(32x32I32), 1 Blocks, 16 pass,srcA/srcB 1 archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 85 V_MFMA_I32_16X16X16I8  D(16x16I32) = A(16x16I8) x B(16x16I8) + C(16x16I32), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 1 archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 88 V_ACCVGPR_READ  move one AccVGPR to ArchVGPR, one source operand 89 V_ACCVGPR_WRITE  move one ArchVGPR to AccVGPR, one source operand 99 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4BF16_1K  D(32x32F32) = A(32x4BF16) x B(4x32BF16) + C(32x32F32), 2 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB 2 Vgpr, srcC/D 32 VGPR 100 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4BF16_1K  D(16x16F32) = A(16x4BF16) x B(4x16BF16) + C(16x16F32), 4 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 2 Vgpr, srcC/D 16 VGPR 101 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X4BF16_1K  D(4x4F32) = A(4x4BF16) x B(4x4BF16) + C(4x4F32), 16 Blocks, 2 pass,srcA/srcB 2 Vgpr, srcC/D 4 VGPR 102 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X8BF16_1K  D(32x32F32) = A(32x8BF16) x B(8x32BF16) + C(32x32F32), 1 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB 2 Vgpr, srcC/D 16 VGPR 103 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X16BF16_1K  D(16x16F32) = A(16x16BF16) x B(16x16BF16) + C(16x16F32), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 2 Vgpr, srcC/D 4 VGPR 104 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X2BF16  D(32x32F32) = A(32x2BF16) x B(2x32BF16) + C(32x32F32), 2 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 32 accVGPR 105 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X2BF16  D(16x16F32) = A(16x2BF16) x B(2x16BF16) + C(16x16F32), 4 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 107 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X2BF16  D(4x4F32) = A(4x2BF16) x B(2x4BF16) + C(4x4F32), 16 Blocks, 2 pass,srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 108 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4BF16  D(32x32F32) = A(32x4BF16) x B(4x32BF16) + C(32x32F32), 1 Blocks, 16pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 16 accVGPR 109 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X8BF16  D(16x16F32) = A(16x8BF16) x B(8x16BF16) + C(16x16F32), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB one archVgpr, srcC/D 4 accVGPR 110 V_MFMA_F64_16X16X4F64  D(16x16F64) = A(16x4F64) x B(4x16F64) + C(16x16F64), 1 Blocks, 8pass, srcA/srcB 2 VGPR, srcC/D 8 VGPR 111 V_MFMA_F64_4X4X4F64  D(4x4F64) = A(4x4F64) x B(4x4F64) + C(4x4F64), 4 Blocks, 4 pass,srcA/srcB 2 VGPR, srcC/D 2 VGPR12.11. VOP3A & VOP3B InstructionsVOP3 instructions use one of two encodings:
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VOP3Bthis encoding allows specifying a unique scalar destination, and is used only for:V_ADD_CO_U32V_SUB_CO_U32V_SUBREV_CO_U32V_ADDC_CO_U32V_SUBB_CO_U32V_SUBBREV_CO_U32V_DIV_SCALE_F32V_DIV_SCALE_F64V_MAD_U64_U32V_MAD_I64_I32VOP3Aall other VALU instructions use this encoding Opcode Name Description 448 V_MAD_LEGACY_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f. // DX9 rules, 0.0 * x = 0.0 449 V_MAD_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f.1ULP accuracy, denormals are flushed. 450 V_MAD_I32_I24   D.i = S0.i[23:0] * S1.i[23:0] + S2.i. 451 V_MAD_U32_U24   D.u = S0.u[23:0] * S1.u[23:0] + S2.u. 452 V_CUBEID_F32   D.f = cubemap face ID ({0.0, 1.0, ..., 5.0}). XYZ coordinate is givenin (S0.f, S1.f, S2.f). Cubemap Face ID determination. Result is a floating point face ID. S0.f = x S1.f = y S2.f = z If (Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S0.f) && Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S1.f))  If (S2.f < 0) D.f = 5.0  Else D.f = 4.0 Else if (Abs(S1.f) >= Abs(S0.f))  If (S1.f < 0) D.f = 3.0  Else D.f = 2.0 Else  If (S0.f < 0) D.f = 1.0  Else D.f = 0.0
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Opcode Name Description 453 V_CUBESC_F32   D.f = cubemap S coordinate. XYZ coordinate is given in (S0.f, S1.f,S2.f). S0.f = x S1.f = y S2.f = z If (Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S0.f) && Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S1.f))  If (S2.f < 0) D.f = -S0.f  Else D.f = S0.f Else if (Abs(S1.f) >= Abs(S0.f))  D.f = S0.f Else  If (S0.f < 0) D.f = S2.f  Else D.f = -S2.f 454 V_CUBETC_F32   D.f = cubemap T coordinate. XYZ coordinate is given in (S0.f, S1.f,S2.f). S0.f = x S1.f = y S2.f = z If (Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S0.f) && Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S1.f))  D.f = -S1.f Else if (Abs(S1.f) >= Abs(S0.f))  If (S1.f < 0) D.f = -S2.f  Else D.f = S2.f Else  D.f = -S1.f 455 V_CUBEMA_F32   D.f = 2.0 * cubemap major axis. XYZ coordinate is given in (S0.f,S1.f, S2.f). S0.f = x S1.f = y S2.f = z If (Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S0.f) && Abs(S2.f) >= Abs(S1.f))  D.f = 2.0*S2.f Else if (Abs(S1.f) >= Abs(S0.f))  D.f = 2.0 * S1.f Else  D.f = 2.0 * S0.f 456 V_BFE_U32   D.u = (S0.u >> S1.u[4:0]) & ((1 << S2.u[4:0]) - 1).Bitfield extract with S0 = data, S1 = field_offset, S2 = field_width. 457 V_BFE_I32   D.i = (S0.i >> S1.u[4:0]) & ((1 << S2.u[4:0]) - 1).Bitfield extract with S0 = data, S1 = field_offset, S2 = field_width. 458 V_BFI_B32   D.u = (S0.u & S1.u) | (~S0.u & S2.u).Bitfield insert. 459 V_FMA_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f.Fused single precision multiply add. 0.5ULP accuracy, denormals aresupported. 460 V_FMA_F64   D.d = S0.d * S1.d + S2.d.Fused double precision multiply add. 0.5ULP precision, denormals aresupported.
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Opcode Name Description 461 V_LERP_U8   D.u = ((S0.u[31:24] + S1.u[31:24] + S2.u[24]) >> 1) << 24 D.u += ((S0.u[23:16] + S1.u[23:16] + S2.u[16]) >> 1) << 16; D.u += ((S0.u[15:8] + S1.u[15:8] + S2.u[8]) >> 1) << 8; D.u += ((S0.u[7:0] + S1.u[7:0] + S2.u[0]) >> 1).Unsigned 8-bit pixel average on packed unsigned bytes (linearinterpolation). S2 acts as a round mode; if set, 0.5 rounds up,otherwise 0.5 truncates. 462 V_ALIGNBIT_B32   D.u = ({S0,S1} >> S2.u[4:0]) & 0xffffffff. 463 V_ALIGNBYTE_B32   D.u = ({S0,S1} >> (8*S2.u[4:0])) & 0xffffffff. 464 V_MIN3_F32   D.f = V_MIN_F32(V_MIN_F32(S0.f, S1.f), S2.f). 465 V_MIN3_I32   D.i = V_MIN_I32(V_MIN_I32(S0.i, S1.i), S2.i). 466 V_MIN3_U32   D.u = V_MIN_U32(V_MIN_U32(S0.u, S1.u), S2.u). 467 V_MAX3_F32   D.f = V_MAX_F32(V_MAX_F32(S0.f, S1.f), S2.f). 468 V_MAX3_I32   D.i = V_MAX_I32(V_MAX_I32(S0.i, S1.i), S2.i). 469 V_MAX3_U32   D.u = V_MAX_U32(V_MAX_U32(S0.u, S1.u), S2.u). 470 V_MED3_F32   if (isNan(S0.f) || isNan(S1.f) || isNan(S2.f))  D.f = V_MIN3_F32(S0.f, S1.f, S2.f); else if (V_MAX3_F32(S0.f, S1.f, S2.f) == S0.f)  D.f = V_MAX_F32(S1.f, S2.f); else if (V_MAX3_F32(S0.f, S1.f, S2.f) == S1.f)  D.f = V_MAX_F32(S0.f, S2.f); else  D.f = V_MAX_F32(S0.f, S1.f); endif. 471 V_MED3_I32   if (V_MAX3_I32(S0.i, S1.i, S2.i) == S0.i)  D.i = V_MAX_I32(S1.i, S2.i); else if (V_MAX3_I32(S0.i, S1.i, S2.i) == S1.i)  D.i = V_MAX_I32(S0.i, S2.i); else  D.i = V_MAX_I32(S0.i, S1.i); endif. 472 V_MED3_U32   if (V_MAX3_U32(S0.u, S1.u, S2.u) == S0.u)  D.u = V_MAX_U32(S1.u, S2.u); else if (V_MAX3_U32(S0.u, S1.u, S2.u) == S1.u)  D.u = V_MAX_U32(S0.u, S2.u); else  D.u = V_MAX_U32(S0.u, S1.u); endif. 473 V_SAD_U8   ABSDIFF(x, y) := (x > y ? x - y : y - x) // UNSIGNED comparison D.u = S2.u; D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[31:24], S1.u[31:24]); D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[23:16], S1.u[23:16]); D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[15:8], S1.u[15:8]); D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[7:0], S1.u[7:0]).Sum of absolute differences with accumulation, overflow into upper bitsis allowed.
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Opcode Name Description 474 V_SAD_HI_U8   D.u = (SAD_U8(S0, S1, 0) << 16) + S2.u.Sum of absolute differences with accumulation, overflow is lost. 475 V_SAD_U16   ABSDIFF(x, y) := (x > y ? x - y : y - x) // UNSIGNED comparison D.u = S2.u; D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[31:16], S1.u[31:16]); D.u += ABSDIFF(S0.u[15:0], S1.u[15:0]).Word SAD with accumulation. 476 V_SAD_U32   ABSDIFF(x, y) := (x > y ? x - y : y - x) // UNSIGNED comparison D.u = ABSDIFF(S0.u, S1.u) + S2.u.Dword SAD with accumulation. 477 V_CVT_PK_U8_F32   D.u = (S2.u & ~(0xff << (8 * S1.u[1:0]))); D.u = D.u | ((flt32_to_uint8(S0.f) & 0xff) << (8 * S1.u[1:0])).Convert floating point value S0 to 8-bit unsigned integer and pack theresult into byte S1 of dword S2. 478 V_DIV_FIXUP_F32   sign_out = sign(S1.f)^sign(S2.f); if (S2.f == NAN)  D.f = Quiet(S2.f); else if (S1.f == NAN)  D.f = Quiet(S1.f); else if (S1.f == S2.f == 0)  // 0/0  D.f = 0xffc0_0000; else if (abs(S1.f) == abs(S2.f) == +-INF)  // inf/inf  D.f = 0xffc0_0000; else if (S1.f == 0 || abs(S2.f) == +-INF)  // x/0, or inf/y  D.f = sign_out ? -INF : +INF; else if (abs(S1.f) == +-INF || S2.f == 0)  // x/inf, 0/y  D.f = sign_out ? -0 : 0; else if ((exponent(S2.f) - exponent(S1.f)) < -150)  D.f = sign_out ? -underflow : underflow; else if (exponent(S1.f) == 255)  D.f = sign_out ? -overflow : overflow; else  D.f = sign_out ? -abs(S0.f) : abs(S0.f); endif. Single precision division fixup. S0 = Quotient, S1 = Denominator, S2 =Numerator. Given a numerator, denominator, and quotient from a divide, thisopcode will detect and apply specific case numerics, touching up thequotient if necessary. This opcode also generates invalid, denorm anddivide by zero exceptions caused by the division.
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Opcode Name Description 479 V_DIV_FIXUP_F64   sign_out = sign(S1.d)^sign(S2.d); if (S2.d == NAN)  D.d = Quiet(S2.d); else if (S1.d == NAN)  D.d = Quiet(S1.d); else if (S1.d == S2.d == 0)  // 0/0  D.d = 0xfff8_0000_0000_0000; else if (abs(S1.d) == abs(S2.d) == +-INF)  // inf/inf  D.d = 0xfff8_0000_0000_0000; else if (S1.d == 0 || abs(S2.d) == +-INF)  // x/0, or inf/y  D.d = sign_out ? -INF : +INF; else if (abs(S1.d) == +-INF || S2.d == 0)  // x/inf, 0/y  D.d = sign_out ? -0 : 0; else if ((exponent(S2.d) - exponent(S1.d)) < -1075)  D.d = sign_out ? -underflow : underflow; else if (exponent(S1.d) == 2047)  D.d = sign_out ? -overflow : overflow; else  D.d = sign_out ? -abs(S0.d) : abs(S0.d); endif. Double precision division fixup. S0 = Quotient, S1 = Denominator, S2 =Numerator. Given a numerator, denominator, and quotient from a divide, thisopcode will detect and apply specific case numerics, touching up thequotient if necessary. This opcode also generates invalid, denorm anddivide by zero exceptions caused by the division.
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Opcode Name Description 480 V_DIV_SCALE_F32   VCC = 0; if (S2.f == 0 || S1.f == 0)  D.f = NAN else if (exponent(S2.f) - exponent(S1.f) >= 96)  // N/D near MAX_FLOAT  VCC = 1;  if (S0.f == S1.f)  // Only scale the denominator  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, 64);  end if else if (S1.f == DENORM)  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, 64); else if (1 / S1.f == DENORM && S2.f / S1.f == DENORM)  VCC = 1;  if (S0.f == S1.f)  // Only scale the denominator  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, 64);  end if else if (1 / S1.f == DENORM)  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, -64); else if (S2.f / S1.f==DENORM)  VCC = 1;  if (S0.f == S2.f)  // Only scale the numerator  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, 64);  end if else if (exponent(S2.f) <= 23)  // Numerator is tiny  D.f = ldexp(S0.f, 64); end if. Single precision division pre-scale. S0 = Input to scale (eitherdenominator or numerator), S1 = Denominator, S2 = Numerator. Given a numerator and denominator, this opcode will appropriatelyscale inputs for division to avoid subnormal terms during Newton-Raphson correction method. S0 must be the same value as either S1 orS2. This opcode producses a VCC flag for post-scaling of the quotient(using V_DIV_FMAS_F32).
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Opcode Name Description 481 V_DIV_SCALE_F64   VCC = 0; if (S2.d == 0 || S1.d == 0)  D.d = NAN else if (exponent(S2.d) - exponent(S1.d) >= 768)  // N/D near MAX_FLOAT  VCC = 1;  if (S0.d == S1.d)  // Only scale the denominator  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, 128);  end if else if (S1.d == DENORM)  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, 128); else if (1 / S1.d == DENORM && S2.d / S1.d == DENORM)  VCC = 1;  if (S0.d == S1.d)  // Only scale the denominator  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, 128);  end if else if (1 / S1.d == DENORM)  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, -128); else if (S2.d / S1.d==DENORM)  VCC = 1;  if (S0.d == S2.d)  // Only scale the numerator  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, 128);  end if else if (exponent(S2.d) <= 53)  // Numerator is tiny  D.d = ldexp(S0.d, 128); end if. Double precision division pre-scale. S0 = Input to scale (eitherdenominator or numerator), S1 = Denominator, S2 = Numerator. Given a numerator and denominator, this opcode will appropriatelyscale inputs for division to avoid subnormal terms during Newton-Raphson correction method. S0 must be the same value as either S1 orS2. This opcode producses a VCC flag for post-scaling of the quotient(using V_DIV_FMAS_F64). 482 V_DIV_FMAS_F32   if (VCC[threadId])  D.f = 2**32 * (S0.f * S1.f + S2.f); else  D.f = S0.f * S1.f + S2.f; end if. Single precision FMA with fused scale. This opcode performs a standard Fused Multiply-Add operation and willconditionally scale the resulting exponent if VCC is set. Input denormals are not flushed, but output flushing is allowed.
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Opcode Name Description 483 V_DIV_FMAS_F64   if (VCC[threadId])  D.d = 2**64 * (S0.d * S1.d + S2.d); else  D.d = S0.d * S1.d + S2.d; end if. Double precision FMA with fused scale. This opcode performs a standard Fused Multiply-Add operation and willconditionally scale the resulting exponent if VCC is set. Input denormals are not flushed, but output flushing is allowed. 484 V_MSAD_U8   ABSDIFF(x, y) := (x > y ? x - y : y - x) // UNSIGNED comparison D.u = S2.u; D.u += S1.u[31:24] == 0 ? 0 : ABSDIFF(S0.u[31:24], S1.u[31:24]); D.u += S1.u[23:16] == 0 ? 0 : ABSDIFF(S0.u[23:16], S1.u[23:16]); D.u += S1.u[15:8] == 0 ? 0 : ABSDIFF(S0.u[15:8], S1.u[15:8]); D.u += S1.u[7:0] == 0 ? 0 : ABSDIFF(S0.u[7:0], S1.u[7:0]). Masked sum of absolute differences with accumulation, overflow intoupper bits is allowed. Components where the reference value in S1 iszero are not included in the sum. 485 V_QSAD_PK_U16_U8   D[63:48] = SAD_U8(S0[55:24], S1[31:0], S2[63:48]); D[47:32] = SAD_U8(S0[47:16], S1[31:0], S2[47:32]); D[31:16] = SAD_U8(S0[39:8], S1[31:0], S2[31:16]); D[15:0] = SAD_U8(S0[31:0], S1[31:0], S2[15:0]).Quad-byte SAD with 16-bit packed accumulation. 486 V_MQSAD_PK_U16_U8   D[63:48] = MSAD_U8(S0[55:24], S1[31:0], S2[63:48]); D[47:32] = MSAD_U8(S0[47:16], S1[31:0], S2[47:32]); D[31:16] = MSAD_U8(S0[39:8], S1[31:0], S2[31:16]); D[15:0] = MSAD_U8(S0[31:0], S1[31:0], S2[15:0]).Quad-byte masked SAD with 16-bit packed accumulation. 487 V_MQSAD_U32_U8   D[127:96] = MSAD_U8(S0[55:24], S1[31:0], S2[127:96]); D[95:64] = MSAD_U8(S0[47:16], S1[31:0], S2[95:64]); D[63:32] = MSAD_U8(S0[39:8], S1[31:0], S2[63:32]); D[31:0] = MSAD_U8(S0[31:0], S1[31:0], S2[31:0]).Quad-byte masked SAD with 32-bit packed accumulation. 488 V_MAD_U64_U32   {vcc_out,D.u64} = S0.u32 * S1.u32 + S2.u64. 489 V_MAD_I64_I32   {vcc_out,D.i64} = S0.i32 * S1.i32 + S2.i64. 490 V_MAD_LEGACY_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + S2.f16.Supports round mode, exception flags, saturation.If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are written as 0 (this is different from V_MAD_F16).If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved.
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Opcode Name Description 491 V_MAD_LEGACY_U16   D.u16 = S0.u16 * S1.u16 + S2.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain).If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are written as 0 (this is different from V_MAD_U16).If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 492 V_MAD_LEGACY_I16   D.i16 = S0.i16 * S1.i16 + S2.i16.Supports saturation (signed 16-bit integer domain).If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are written as 0 (this is different from V_MAD_I16).If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 493 V_PERM_B32   D.u[31:24] = byte_permute({S0.u, S1.u}, S2.u[31:24]); D.u[23:16] = byte_permute({S0.u, S1.u}, S2.u[23:16]); D.u[15:8] = byte_permute({S0.u, S1.u}, S2.u[15:8]); D.u[7:0] = byte_permute({S0.u, S1.u}, S2.u[7:0]); byte permute(byte in[8], byte sel) {  if(sel>=13) then return 0xff;  elsif(sel==12) then return 0x00;  elsif(sel==11) then return in[7][7] * 0xff;  elsif(sel==10) then return in[5][7] * 0xff;  elsif(sel==9) then return in[3][7] * 0xff;  elsif(sel==8) then return in[1][7] * 0xff;  else return in[sel]; }Byte permute. 494 V_FMA_LEGACY_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + S2.f16.Fused half precision multiply add.
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Opcode Name Description 495 V_DIV_FIXUP_LEGACY_F16   sign_out = sign(S1.f16)^sign(S2.f16); if (S2.f16 == NAN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S2.f16); else if (S1.f16 == NAN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S1.f16); else if (S1.f16 == S2.f16 == 0)  // 0/0  D.f16 = 0xfe00; else if (abs(S1.f16) == abs(S2.f16) == +-INF)  // inf/inf  D.f16 = 0xfe00; else if (S1.f16 ==0 || abs(S2.f16) == +-INF)  // x/0, or inf/y  D.f16 = sign_out ? -INF : +INF; else if (abs(S1.f16) == +-INF || S2.f16 == 0)  // x/inf, 0/y  D.f16 = sign_out ? -0 : 0; else  D.f16 = sign_out ? -abs(S0.f16) : abs(S0.f16); end if. Half precision division fixup. S0 = Quotient, S1 = Denominator, S2 =Numerator. Given a numerator, denominator, and quotient from a divide, thisopcode will detect and apply specific case numerics, touching up thequotient if necessary. This opcode also generates invalid, denorm anddivide by zero exceptions caused by the division. 496 V_CVT_PKACCUM_U8_F32   byte = S1.u[1:0];bit = byte * 8; D.u[bit+7:bit] = flt32_to_uint8(S0.f).Pack converted value of S0.f into byte S1 of the destination. Note:this opcode uses src_c to pass destination in as a source. 497 V_MAD_U32_U16   D.u32 = S0.u16 * S1.u16 + S2.u32. 498 V_MAD_I32_I16   D.i32 = S0.i16 * S1.i16 + S2.i32. 499 V_XAD_U32   D.u32 = (S0.u32 ^ S1.u32) + S2.u32.No carryin/carryout and no saturation. This opcode exists to acceleratethe SHA256 hash algorithm. 500 V_MIN3_F16   D.f16 = V_MIN_F16(V_MIN_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16), S2.f16). 501 V_MIN3_I16   D.i16 = V_MIN_I16(V_MIN_I16(S0.i16, S1.i16), S2.i16). 502 V_MIN3_U16   D.u16 = V_MIN_U16(V_MIN_U16(S0.u16, S1.u16), S2.u16). 503 V_MAX3_F16   D.f16 = V_MAX_F16(V_MAX_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16), S2.f16). 504 V_MAX3_I16   D.i16 = V_MAX_I16(V_MAX_I16(S0.i16, S1.i16), S2.i16). 505 V_MAX3_U16   D.u16 = V_MAX_U16(V_MAX_U16(S0.u16, S1.u16), S2.u16).
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Opcode Name Description 506 V_MED3_F16   if (isNan(S0.f16) || isNan(S1.f16) || isNan(S2.f16))  D.f16 = V_MIN3_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16, S2.f16); else if (V_MAX3_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16, S2.f16) == S0.f16)  D.f16 = V_MAX_F16(S1.f16, S2.f16); else if (V_MAX3_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16, S2.f16) == S1.f16)  D.f16 = V_MAX_F16(S0.f16, S2.f16); else  D.f16 = V_MAX_F16(S0.f16, S1.f16); endif. 507 V_MED3_I16   if (V_MAX3_I16(S0.i16, S1.i16, S2.i16) == S0.i16)  D.i16 = V_MAX_I16(S1.i16, S2.i16); else if (V_MAX3_I16(S0.i16, S1.i16, S2.i16) == S1.i16)  D.i16 = V_MAX_I16(S0.i16, S2.i16); else  D.i16 = V_MAX_I16(S0.i16, S1.i16); endif. 508 V_MED3_U16   if (V_MAX3_U16(S0.u16, S1.u16, S2.u16) == S0.u16)  D.u16 = V_MAX_U16(S1.u16, S2.u16); else if (V_MAX3_U16(S0.u16, S1.u16, S2.u16) == S1.u16)  D.u16 = V_MAX_U16(S0.u16, S2.u16); else  D.u16 = V_MAX_U16(S0.u16, S1.u16); endif. 509 V_LSHL_ADD_U32   D.u = (S0.u << S1.u[4:0]) + S2.u. 510 V_ADD_LSHL_U32   D.u = (S0.u + S1.u) << S2.u[4:0]. 511 V_ADD3_U32   D.u = S0.u + S1.u + S2.u. 512 V_LSHL_OR_B32   D.u = (S0.u << S1.u[4:0]) | S2.u. 513 V_AND_OR_B32   D.u = (S0.u & S1.u) | S2.u. 514 V_OR3_B32   D.u = S0.u | S1.u | S2.u. 515 V_MAD_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + S2.f16.Supports round mode, exception flags, saturation. 1ULP accuracy,denormals are flushed.If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are preserved.If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 516 V_MAD_U16   D.u16 = S0.u16 * S1.u16 + S2.u16.Supports saturation (unsigned 16-bit integer domain).If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are preserved.If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved.
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Opcode Name Description 517 V_MAD_I16   D.i16 = S0.i16 * S1.i16 + S2.i16.Supports saturation (signed 16-bit integer domain).If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are preserved.If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 518 V_FMA_F16   D.f16 = S0.f16 * S1.f16 + S2.f16.Fused half precision multiply add. 0.5ULP accuracy, denormals aresupported.If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are preserved.If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 519 V_DIV_FIXUP_F16   sign_out = sign(S1.f16)^sign(S2.f16); if (S2.f16 == NAN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S2.f16); else if (S1.f16 == NAN)  D.f16 = Quiet(S1.f16); else if (S1.f16 == S2.f16 == 0)  // 0/0  D.f16 = 0xfe00; else if (abs(S1.f16) == abs(S2.f16) == +-INF)  // inf/inf  D.f16 = 0xfe00; else if (S1.f16 ==0 || abs(S2.f16) == +-INF)  // x/0, or inf/y  D.f16 = sign_out ? -INF : +INF; else if (abs(S1.f16) == +-INF || S2.f16 == 0)  // x/inf, 0/y  D.f16 = sign_out ? -0 : 0; else  D.f16 = sign_out ? -abs(S0.f16) : abs(S0.f16); end if. Half precision division fixup. S0 = Quotient, S1 = Denominator, S2 =Numerator. Given a numerator, denominator, and quotient from a divide, thisopcode will detect and apply specific case numerics, touching up thequotient if necessary. This opcode also generates invalid, denorm anddivide by zero exceptions caused by the division.If op_sel[3] is 0 Result is written to 16 LSBs of destination VGPR andhi 16 bits are preserved.If op_sel[3] is 1 Result is written to 16 MSBs of destination VGPR andlo 16 bits are preserved. 640 V_ADD_F64   D.d = S0.d + S1.d.0.5ULP precision, denormals are supported.
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Opcode Name Description 641 V_MUL_F64   D.d = S0.d * S1.d.0.5ULP precision, denormals are supported. 642 V_MIN_F64   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.d == sNaN)  D.d = Quiet(S0.d); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.d == sNaN)  D.d = Quiet(S1.d); else if (S0.d == NaN)  D.d = S1.d; else if (S1.d == NaN)  D.d = S0.d; else if (S0.d == +0.0 && S1.d == -0.0)  D.d = S1.d; else if (S0.d == -0.0 && S1.d == +0.0)  D.d = S0.d; else  // Note: there's no IEEE special case here like there is forV_MAX_F64.  D.d = (S0.d < S1.d ? S0.d : S1.d); endif. 643 V_MAX_F64   if (IEEE_MODE && S0.d == sNaN)  D.d = Quiet(S0.d); else if (IEEE_MODE && S1.d == sNaN)  D.d = Quiet(S1.d); else if (S0.d == NaN)  D.d = S1.d; else if (S1.d == NaN)  D.d = S0.d; else if (S0.d == +0.0 && S1.d == -0.0)  D.d = S0.d; else if (S0.d == -0.0 && S1.d == +0.0)  D.d = S1.d; else if (IEEE_MODE)  D.d = (S0.d >= S1.d ? S0.d : S1.d); else  D.d = (S0.d > S1.d ? S0.d : S1.d); endif. 644 V_LDEXP_F64   D.d = S0.d * (2 ** S1.i). 645 V_MUL_LO_U32   D.u = S0.u * S1.u. 646 V_MUL_HI_U32   D.u = (S0.u * S1.u) >> 32. 647 V_MUL_HI_I32   D.i = (S0.i * S1.i) >> 32. 648 V_LDEXP_F32   D.f = S0.f * (2 ** S1.i). 649 V_READLANE_B32  Copy one VGPR value to one SGPR. D = SGPR-dest, S0 = Source Data(VGPR# or M0(lds-direct)), S1 = Lane Select (SGPR or M0). Ignores execmask.Input and output modifiers not supported; this is an untyped operation.
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Opcode Name Description 650 V_WRITELANE_B32  Write value into one VGPR in one lane. D = VGPR-dest, S0 = Source Data(sgpr, m0, exec or constants), S1 = Lane Select (SGPR or M0). Ignoresexec mask.Input and output modifiers not supported; this is an untyped operation. 651 V_BCNT_U32_B32   D.u = S1.u; for i in 0 .. 31 do  D.u += S0.u[i]; // count i'th bit endfor.Bit count. 652 V_MBCNT_LO_U32_B32   ThreadMask = (1LL << ThreadPosition) - 1; MaskedValue = (S0.u & ThreadMask[31:0]); D.u = S1.u; for i in 0 ... 31 do  D.u += (MaskedValue[i] == 1 ? 1 : 0); endfor.Masked bit count, ThreadPosition is the position of this thread in thewavefront (in 0..63). See also V_MBCNT_HI_U32_B32. 653 V_MBCNT_HI_U32_B32   ThreadMask = (1LL << ThreadPosition) - 1; MaskedValue = (S0.u & ThreadMask[63:32]); D.u = S1.u; for i in 0 ... 31 do  D.u += (MaskedValue[i] == 1 ? 1 : 0); endfor.Masked bit count, ThreadPosition is the position of this thread in thewavefront (in 0..63). See also V_MBCNT_LO_U32_B32.Example to compute each thread's position in 0..63:  v_mbcnt_lo_u32_b32 v0, -1, 0  v_mbcnt_hi_u32_b32 v0, -1, v0  // v0 now contains ThreadPosition 655 V_LSHLREV_B64   D.u64 = S1.u64 << S0.u[5:0]. 656 V_LSHRREV_B64   D.u64 = S1.u64 >> S0.u[5:0]. 657 V_ASHRREV_I64   D.u64 = signext(S1.u64) >> S0.u[5:0].
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Opcode Name Description 658 V_TRIG_PREOP_F64   shift = S1.u * 53; if exponent(S0.d) > 1077 then  shift += exponent(S0.d) - 1077; endif result = (double) ((2/PI[1200:0] << shift) & 0x1fffff_ffffffff); scale = (-53 - shift); if exponent(S0.d) >= 1968 then  scale += 128; endif D.d = ldexp(result, scale).Look Up 2/PI (S0.d) with segment select S1.u[4:0]. This operationreturns an aligned, double precision segment of 2/PI needed to do rangereduction on S0.d (double-precision value). Multiple segments can bespecified through S1.u[4:0]. Rounding uses round-to-zero. Large inputs(exp > 1968) are scaled to avoid loss of precision throughdenormalization. 659 V_BFM_B32   D.u = ((1<<S0.u[4:0])-1) << S1.u[4:0].Bitfield modify. S0 is the bitfield width and S1 is the bitfieldoffset. 660 V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F32   D = {(snorm)S1.f, (snorm)S0.f}. 661 V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F32   D = {(unorm)S1.f, (unorm)S0.f}. 662 V_CVT_PKRTZ_F16_F32   D = {flt32_to_flt16(S1.f),flt32_to_flt16(S0.f)}. // Round-toward-zero regardless of current round mode setting inhardware.This opcode is intended for use with 16-bit compressed exports. SeeV_CVT_F16_F32 for a version that respects the current rounding mode. 663 V_CVT_PK_U16_U32   D = {uint32_to_uint16(S1.u), uint32_to_uint16(S0.u)}. 664 V_CVT_PK_I16_I32   D = {int32_to_int16(S1.i), int32_to_int16(S0.i)}. 665 V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F16   D = {(snorm)S1.f16, (snorm)S0.f16}. 666 V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F16   D = {(unorm)S1.f16, (unorm)S0.f16}. 668 V_ADD_I32   D.i = S0.i + S1.i.Supports saturation (signed 32-bit integer domain). 669 V_SUB_I32   D.i = S0.i - S1.i.Supports saturation (signed 32-bit integer domain). 670 V_ADD_I16   D.i16 = S0.i16 + S1.i16.Supports saturation (signed 16-bit integer domain). 671 V_SUB_I16   D.i16 = S0.i16 - S1.i16.Supports saturation (signed 16-bit integer domain).
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Opcode Name Description 672 V_PACK_B32_F16   D[31:16].f16 = S1.f16;D[15:0].f16 = S0.f16. 673 V_MUL_LEGACY_F32   D.f = S0.f * S1.f. // DX9 rules, 0.0*x = 0.012.12. LDS & GDS InstructionsThis suite of instructions operates on data stored within the data share memory. The instructionstransfer data between VGPRs and data share memory.The bitfield map for the LDS/GDS is:
where:OFFSET0 = Unsigned byte offset added to the address from the ADDR VGPR.OFFSET1 = Unsigned byte offset added to the address from the ADDR VGPR.GDS = Set if GDS, cleared if LDS.OP = DS instructions.ADDR = Source LDS address VGPR 0 - 255.DATA0 = Source data0 VGPR 0 - 255.DATA1 = Source data1 VGPR 0 - 255.VDST = Destination VGPR 0- 255. All instructions with RTN in the name return the value that was in memorybefore the operation was performed. Opcode Name Description 0 DS_ADD_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 1 DS_SUB_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 2 DS_RSUB_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA - MEM[ADDR]; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Subtraction with reversed operands.
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Opcode Name Description 3 DS_INC_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 4 DS_DEC_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 5 DS_MIN_I32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 6 DS_MAX_I32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 7 DS_MIN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 8 DS_MAX_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 9 DS_AND_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 10 DS_OR_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 11 DS_XOR_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 12 DS_MSKOR_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (MEM[ADDR] & ~DATA) | DATA2; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Masked dword OR, D0 contains the mask and D1 contains the newvalue. 13 DS_WRITE_B32   // 32bit MEM[ADDR] = DATA. Write dword.
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Opcode Name Description 14 DS_WRITE2_B32   // 32bit MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 4] = DATA; MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 4] = DATA2. Write 2 dwords. 15 DS_WRITE2ST64_B32   // 32bit MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 4 * 64] = DATA; MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 4 * 64] = DATA2. Write 2 dwords. 16 DS_CMPST_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Compare and store. Caution, the order of src and cmp are the*opposite* of the BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP opcode. 17 DS_CMPST_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Floating point compare and store that handles NaN/INF/denormalvalues. 18 DS_MIN_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (cmp < tmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point minimum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. 19 DS_MAX_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp > cmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point maximum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. 20 DS_NOP  Do nothing. 21 DS_ADD_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Floating point add that handles NaN/INF/denormal values.
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Opcode Name Description 29 DS_WRITE_ADDTID_B32   // 32bit MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET + M0.OFFSET + TID*4] = DATA. Write dword. 30 DS_WRITE_B8   MEM[ADDR] = DATA[7:0]. Byte write. 31 DS_WRITE_B16   MEM[ADDR] = DATA[15:0]. Short write. 32 DS_ADD_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 33 DS_SUB_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 34 DS_RSUB_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA - MEM[ADDR]; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Subtraction with reversed operands. 35 DS_INC_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 36 DS_DEC_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 37 DS_MIN_RTN_I32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 38 DS_MAX_RTN_I32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 39 DS_MIN_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 40 DS_MAX_RTN_U32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 41 DS_AND_RTN_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 42 DS_OR_RTN_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 43 DS_XOR_RTN_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 44 DS_MSKOR_RTN_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (MEM[ADDR] & ~DATA) | DATA2; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Masked dword OR, D0 contains the mask and D1 contains the newvalue. 45 DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B32   tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Write-exchange operation. 46 DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B32  Write-exchange 2 separate dwords. 47 DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B32  Write-exchange 2 separate dwords with a stride of 64 dwords. 48 DS_CMPST_RTN_B32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Compare and store. Caution, the order of src and cmp are the*opposite* of the BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP opcode. 49 DS_CMPST_RTN_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Floating point compare and store that handles NaN/INF/denormalvalues.
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Opcode Name Description 50 DS_MIN_RTN_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (cmp < tmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point minimum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. 51 DS_MAX_RTN_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp > cmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point maximum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. 52 DS_WRAP_RTN_B32   tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? tmp - DATA : tmp + DATA2; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 53 DS_ADD_RTN_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Floating point add that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. 54 DS_READ_B32   RETURN_DATA = MEM[ADDR]. Dword read. 55 DS_READ2_B32   RETURN_DATA[0] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 4]; RETURN_DATA[1] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 4]. Read 2 dwords. 56 DS_READ2ST64_B32   RETURN_DATA[0] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 4 * 64]; RETURN_DATA[1] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 4 * 64]. Read 2 dwords. 57 DS_READ_I8   RETURN_DATA = signext(MEM[ADDR][7:0]). Signed byte read. 58 DS_READ_U8   RETURN_DATA = {24'h0,MEM[ADDR][7:0]}. Unsigned byte read. 59 DS_READ_I16   RETURN_DATA = signext(MEM[ADDR][15:0]). Signed short read. 60 DS_READ_U16   RETURN_DATA = {16'h0,MEM[ADDR][15:0]}. Unsigned short read. 61 DS_SWIZZLE_B32  Dword swizzle, no data is written to LDS memory. See next sectionfor details.
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Opcode Name Description 62 DS_PERMUTE_B32   // VGPR[index][thread_id] is the VGPR RAM // VDST, ADDR and DATA0 are from the microcode DS encoding tmp[0..63] = 0 for i in 0..63 do  // If a source thread is disabled, it will not propagate data.  next if !EXEC[i]  // ADDR needs to be divided by 4.  // High-order bits are ignored.  dst_lane = floor((VGPR[ADDR][i] + OFFSET) / 4) mod 64  tmp[dst_lane] = VGPR[DATA0][i] endfor // Copy data into destination VGPRs. If multiple sources // select the same destination thread, the highest-numbered // source thread wins. for i in 0..63 do  next if !EXEC[i]  VGPR[VDST][i] = tmp[i] endfor Forward permute. This does not access LDS memory and may be calledeven if no LDS memory is allocated to the wave. It uses LDS hardwareto implement an arbitrary swizzle across threads in a wavefront. Note the address passed in is the thread ID multiplied by 4. If multiple sources map to the same destination lane, the finalvalue is not predictable but will be the value from one of thewriters. See also DS_BPERMUTE_B32. Examples (simplified 4-thread wavefronts): VGPR[SRC0] = { A, B, C, D } VGPR[ADDR] = { 0, 0, 12, 4 } EXEC = 0xF, OFFSET = 0 VGPR[VDST] := { B, D, 0, C } VGPR[SRC0] = { A, B, C, D } VGPR[ADDR] = { 0, 0, 12, 4 } EXEC = 0xA, OFFSET = 0 VGPR[VDST] := { -, D, -, 0 }
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Opcode Name Description 63 DS_BPERMUTE_B32   // VGPR[index][thread_id] is the VGPR RAM // VDST, ADDR and DATA0 are from the microcode DS encoding tmp[0..63] = 0 for i in 0..63 do  // ADDR needs to be divided by 4.  // High-order bits are ignored.  src_lane = floor((VGPR[ADDR][i] + OFFSET) / 4) mod 64  // EXEC is applied to the source VGPR reads.  next if !EXEC[src_lane]  tmp[i] = VGPR[DATA0][src_lane] endfor // Copy data into destination VGPRs. Some source // data may be broadcast to multiple lanes. for i in 0..63 do  next if !EXEC[i]  VGPR[VDST][i] = tmp[i] endfor Backward permute. This does not access LDS memory and may be calledeven if no LDS memory is allocated to the wave. It uses LDS hardwareto implement an arbitrary swizzle across threads in a wavefront. Note the address passed in is the thread ID multiplied by 4. Note that EXEC mask is applied to both VGPR read and write. Ifsrc_lane selects a disabled thread, zero will be returned. See also DS_PERMUTE_B32. Examples (simplified 4-thread wavefronts): VGPR[SRC0] = { A, B, C, D } VGPR[ADDR] = { 0, 0, 12, 4 } EXEC = 0xF, OFFSET = 0 VGPR[VDST] := { A, A, D, B } VGPR[SRC0] = { A, B, C, D } VGPR[ADDR] = { 0, 0, 12, 4 } EXEC = 0xA, OFFSET = 0 VGPR[VDST] := { -, 0, -, B } 64 DS_ADD_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 65 DS_SUB_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 66 DS_RSUB_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA - MEM[ADDR]; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Subtraction with reversed operands.
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Opcode Name Description 67 DS_INC_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 68 DS_DEC_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 69 DS_MIN_I64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 70 DS_MAX_I64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 71 DS_MIN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 72 DS_MAX_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 73 DS_AND_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 74 DS_OR_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 75 DS_XOR_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 76 DS_MSKOR_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (MEM[ADDR] & ~DATA) | DATA2; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Masked dword OR, D0 contains the mask and D1 contains the newvalue. 77 DS_WRITE_B64   // 64bit MEM[ADDR] = DATA. Write qword.
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Opcode Name Description 78 DS_WRITE2_B64   // 64bit MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 8] = DATA; MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 8] = DATA2. Write 2 qwords. 79 DS_WRITE2ST64_B64   // 64bit MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 8 * 64] = DATA; MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 8 * 64] = DATA2. Write 2 qwords. 80 DS_CMPST_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Compare and store. Caution, the order of src and cmp are the*opposite* of the BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 opcode. 81 DS_CMPST_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Floating point compare and store that handles NaN/INF/denormalvalues. 82 DS_MIN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (cmp < tmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point minimum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. Notethat this opcode is slightly more general-purpose thanBUFFER_ATOMIC_FMIN_X2. 83 DS_MAX_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp > cmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point maximum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. Notethat this opcode is slightly more general-purpose thanBUFFER_ATOMIC_FMAX_X2. 84 DS_WRITE_B8_D16_HI   MEM[ADDR] = DATA[23:16]. Byte write in to high word. 85 DS_WRITE_B16_D16_HI   MEM[ADDR] = DATA[31:16]. Short write in to high word.
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Opcode Name Description 86 DS_READ_U8_D16   RETURN_DATA[15:0] = {8'h0,MEM[ADDR][7:0]}. Unsigned byte read with masked return to lower word. 87 DS_READ_U8_D16_HI   RETURN_DATA[31:16] = {8'h0,MEM[ADDR][7:0]}. Unsigned byte read with masked return to upper word. 88 DS_READ_I8_D16   RETURN_DATA[15:0] = signext(MEM[ADDR][7:0]). Signed byte read with masked return to lower word. 89 DS_READ_I8_D16_HI   RETURN_DATA[31:16] = signext(MEM[ADDR][7:0]). Signed byte read with masked return to upper word. 90 DS_READ_U16_D16   RETURN_DATA[15:0] = MEM[ADDR][15:0]. Unsigned short read with masked return to lower word. 91 DS_READ_U16_D16_HI   RETURN_DATA[31:0] = MEM[ADDR][15:0]. Unsigned short read with masked return to upper word. 92 DS_ADD_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = tmp.f64 + DATA.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 96 DS_ADD_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 97 DS_SUB_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 98 DS_RSUB_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA - MEM[ADDR]; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Subtraction with reversed operands. 99 DS_INC_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 100 DS_DEC_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 101 DS_MIN_RTN_I64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 102 DS_MAX_RTN_I64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 103 DS_MIN_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 104 DS_MAX_RTN_U64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 105 DS_AND_RTN_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 106 DS_OR_RTN_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 107 DS_XOR_RTN_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 108 DS_MSKOR_RTN_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (MEM[ADDR] & ~DATA) | DATA2; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Masked dword OR, D0 contains the mask and D1 contains the newvalue. 109 DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B64   tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. Write-exchange operation. 110 DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B64  Write-exchange 2 separate qwords. 111 DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B64  Write-exchange 2 qwords with a stride of 64 qwords.
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Opcode Name Description 112 DS_CMPST_RTN_B64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Compare and store. Caution, the order of src and cmp are the*opposite* of the BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 opcode. 113 DS_CMPST_RTN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA2; cmp = DATA; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. Floating point compare and store that handles NaN/INF/denormalvalues. 114 DS_MIN_RTN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (cmp < tmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point minimum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. Notethat this opcode is slightly more general-purpose thanBUFFER_ATOMIC_FMIN_X2. 115 DS_MAX_RTN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA; cmp = DATA2; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp > cmp) ? src : tmp. Floating point maximum that handles NaN/INF/denormal values. Notethat this opcode is slightly more general-purpose thanBUFFER_ATOMIC_FMAX_X2. 118 DS_READ_B64   RETURN_DATA = MEM[ADDR]. Read 1 qword. 119 DS_READ2_B64   RETURN_DATA[0] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 8]; RETURN_DATA[1] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 8]. Read 2 qwords. 120 DS_READ2ST64_B64   RETURN_DATA[0] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET0 * 8 * 64]; RETURN_DATA[1] = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET1 * 8 * 64]. Read 2 qwords. 124 DS_ADD_RTN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = tmp.f64 + DATA.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 126 DS_CONDXCHG32_RTN_B64  Conditional write exchange. 152 DS_GWS_SEMA_RELEASE_ALL   GDS Only: The GWS resource (rid) indicated will process thisopcode by updating the counter and labeling the specified resourceas a semaphore.  // Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + offset0[5:0]; // Incr the state counter of the resource state.counter[rid] = state.wave_in_queue; state.type = SEMAPHORE; return rd_done; //release calling wave This action will release ALL queued waves; it Will have no effectif no waves are present. 153 DS_GWS_INIT   GDS Only: Initialize a barrier or semaphore resource.  // Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + offset0[5:0]; // Get the value to use in init index = find_first_valid(vector mask) value = DATA[thread: index] // Set the state of the resource state.counter[rid] = lsb(value); //limit #waves state.flag[rid] = 0; return rd_done; //release calling wave 154 DS_GWS_SEMA_V   GDS Only: The GWS resource indicated will process this opcode byupdating the counter and labeling the resource as a semaphore.  //Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + offset0[5:0]; //Incr the state counter of the resource state.counter[rid] += 1; state.type = SEMAPHORE; return rd_done; //release calling wave This action will release one waved if any are queued in thisresource.
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Opcode Name Description 155 DS_GWS_SEMA_BR   GDS Only: The GWS resource indicated will process this opcode byupdating the counter by the bulk release delivered count andlabeling the resource as a semaphore.  //Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + offset0[5:0]; index = find first valid (vector mask) count = DATA[thread: index]; //Add count to the resource state counter state.counter[rid] += count; state.type = SEMAPHORE; return rd_done; //release calling wave This action will release count number of waves, immediately ifqueued, or as they arrive from the noted resource. 156 DS_GWS_SEMA_P   GDS Only: The GWS resource indicated will process this opcode byqueueing it until counter enables a release and then decrementingthe counter of the resource as a semaphore.  //Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + offset0[5:0]; state.type = SEMAPHORE; ENQUEUE until(state[rid].counter > 0) state[rid].counter -= 1; return rd_done;
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Opcode Name Description 157 DS_GWS_BARRIER   GDS Only: The GWS resource indicated will process this opcode byqueueing it until barrier is satisfied. The number of waves neededis passed in as DATA of first valid thread.  //Determine the GWS resource to work on rid[5:0] = SH_SX_EXPCMD.gds_base[5:0] + OFFSET0[5:0]; index = find first valid (vector mask); value = DATA[thread: index]; // Input Decision Machine state.type[rid] = BARRIER; if(state[rid].counter <= 0) then  thread[rid].flag = state[rid].flag;  ENQUEUE;  state[rid].flag = !state.flag;  state[rid].counter = value;  return rd_done; else  state[rid].counter -= 1;  thread.flag = state[rid].flag;  ENQUEUE; endif. Since the waves deliver the count for the next barrier, thisfunction can have a different size barrier for each occurrence.  // Release Machine if(state.type == BARRIER) then  if(state.flag != thread.flag) then  return rd_done;  endif; endif. 182 DS_READ_ADDTID_B32   RETURN_DATA = MEM[ADDR_BASE + OFFSET + M0.OFFSET + TID*4]. Dword read. 189 DS_CONSUME  LDS & GDS. Subtract (count_bits(exec_mask)) from the value storedin DS memory at (M0.base + instr_offset). Return the pre-operationvalue to VGPRs. 190 DS_APPEND  LDS & GDS. Add (count_bits(exec_mask)) to the value stored in DSmemory at (M0.base + instr_offset). Return the pre-operation valueto VGPRs. 222 DS_WRITE_B96   {MEM[ADDR + 8], MEM[ADDR + 4], MEM[ADDR]} = DATA[95:0]. Tri-dword write. 223 DS_WRITE_B128   {MEM[ADDR + 12], MEM[ADDR + 8], MEM[ADDR + 4], MEM[ADDR]} =DATA[127:0]. Quad-dword write. 254 DS_READ_B96  Tri-dword read. 255 DS_READ_B128  Quad-dword read.
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12.12.1. DS_SWIZZLE_B32 Details Dword swizzle, no data is written to LDS memory.Swizzles input thread data based on offset mask and returns; note does not read or write the DSmemory banks.Note that reading from an invalid thread results in 0x0.This opcode supports two specific modes, FFT and rotate, plus two basic modes which swizzle ingroups of 4 or 32 consecutive threads.The FFT mode (offset >= 0xe000) swizzles the input based on offset[4:0] to support FFT calculation.Example swizzles using input {1, 2, ... 20} are:Offset[4:0]: Swizzle0x00: {1,11,9,19,5,15,d,1d,3,13,b,1b,7,17,f,1f,2,12,a,1a,6,16,e,1e,4,14,c,1c,8,18,10,20}0x10: {1,9,5,d,3,b,7,f,2,a,6,e,4,c,8,10,11,19,15,1d,13,1b,17,1f,12,1a,16,1e,14,1c,18,20}0x1f: No swizzleThe rotate mode (offset >= 0xc000 and offset < 0xe000) rotates the input either left (offset[10] ==0) or right (offset[10] == 1) a number of threads equal to offset[9:5]. The rotate mode also uses amask value which can alter the rotate result. For example, mask == 1 will swap the odd threadsacross every other even thread (rotate left), or even threads across every other odd thread (rotateright).Offset[9:5]: Swizzle0x01, mask=0, rotate left:{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,20,1}0x01, mask=0, rotate right:{20,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f}0x01, mask=1, rotate left:{2,1,4,7,6,5,8,b,a,9,c,f,e,d,10,13,12,11,14,17,16,15,18,1b,1a,19,1c,1f,1e,1d,20,3}0x01, mask=1, rotate right:{1e,1,4,3,2,5,8,7,6,9,c,b,a,d,10,f,e,11,14,13,12,15,18,17,16,19,1c,1b,1a,1d,20,1f}If offset < 0xc000, one of the basic swizzle modes is used based on offset[15]. If offset[15] == 1,groups of 4 consecutive threads are swizzled together. If offset[15] == 0, all 32 threads areswizzled together. The first basic swizzle mode (when offset[15] == 1) allows full data sharingbetween a group of 4 consecutive threads. Any thread within the group of 4 can get data from anyother thread within the group of 4, specified by the corresponding offset bits --- [1:0] for thefirst thread, [3:2] for the second thread, [5:4] for the third thread, [7:6] for the fourth thread.Note that the offset bits apply to all groups of 4 within a wavefront; thus if offset[1:0] == 1,then thread0 will grab thread1, thread4 will grab thread5, etc.The second basic swizzle mode (when offset[15] == 0) allows limited data sharing between 32consecutive threads. In this case, the offset is used to specify a 5-bit xor-mask, 5-bit or-mask,and 5-bit and-mask used to generate a thread mapping. Note that the offset bits apply to each groupof 32 within a wavefront. The details of the thread mapping are listed below. Some example usages:SWAPX16 : xor_mask = 0x10, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fSWAPX8 : xor_mask = 0x08, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fSWAPX4 : xor_mask = 0x04, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fSWAPX2 : xor_mask = 0x02, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fSWAPX1 : xor_mask = 0x01, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fREVERSEX32 : xor_mask = 0x1f, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fREVERSEX16 : xor_mask = 0x0f, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fREVERSEX8 : xor_mask = 0x07, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fREVERSEX4 : xor_mask = 0x03, or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fREVERSEX2 : xor_mask = 0x01 or_mask = 0x00, and_mask = 0x1fBCASTX32: xor_mask = 0x00, or_mask = thread, and_mask = 0x00BCASTX16: xor_mask = 0x00, or_mask = thread, and_mask = 0x10BCASTX8: xor_mask = 0x00, or_mask = thread, and_mask = 0x18BCASTX4: xor_mask = 0x00, or_mask = thread, and_mask = 0x1cBCASTX2: xor_mask = 0x00, or_mask = thread, and_mask = 0x1ePseudocode follows:  offset = offset1:offset0;
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if (offset >= 0xe000) {  // FFT decomposition  mask = offset[4:0];  for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {  j = reverse_bits(i & 0x1f);  j = (j >> count_ones(mask));  j \|= (i & mask);  j \|= i & 0x20;  thread_out[i] = thread_valid[j] ? thread_in[j] : 0;  }} else if (offset >= 0xc000) {  // rotate  rotate = offset[9:5];  mask = offset[4:0];  if (offset[10]) {  rotate = -rotate;  }  for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {  j = (i & mask) \| ((i + rotate) & ~mask);  j \|= i & 0x20;  thread_out[i] = thread_valid[j] ? thread_in[j] : 0;  }} else if (offset[15]) {  // full data sharing within 4 consecutive threads  for (i = 0; i < 64; i+=4) {  thread_out[i+0] = thread_valid[i+offset[1:0]]?thread_in[i+offset[1:0]]:0;  thread_out[i+1] = thread_valid[i+offset[3:2]]?thread_in[i+offset[3:2]]:0;  thread_out[i+2] = thread_valid[i+offset[5:4]]?thread_in[i+offset[5:4]]:0;  thread_out[i+3] = thread_valid[i+offset[7:6]]?thread_in[i+offset[7:6]]:0;  }} else { // offset[15] == 0  // limited data sharing within 32 consecutive threads  xor_mask = offset[14:10];  or_mask = offset[9:5];  and_mask = offset[4:0];  for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {  j = (((i & 0x1f) & and_mask) \| or_mask) ^ xor_mask;  j \|= (i & 0x20); // which group of 32  thread_out[i] = thread_valid[j] ? thread_in[j] : 0;  }}12.13. MUBUF InstructionsThe bitfield map of the MUBUF format is:
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  where:  OFFSET = Unsigned immediate byte offset.  OFFEN = Send offset either as VADDR or as zero..  IDXEN = Send index either as VADDR or as zero.  GLC = Global coherency.  LDS = Data read from/written to LDS or VGPR.  OP = Instruction Opcode.  VADDR = VGPR address source.  VDATA = Destination vector GPR.  SRSRC = Scalar GPR that specifies resource constant.  SLC = System level coherent.  ACC = Return to ACC VGPRs  SOFFSET = Byte offset added to the memory address of an SGPR. Opcode Name Description 0 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X  Untyped buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 1 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XY  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 2 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZ  Untyped buffer load 3 dwords with format conversion. 3 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZW  Untyped buffer load 4 dwords with format conversion. 4 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_X  Untyped buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 5 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XY  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion. 6 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZ  Untyped buffer store 3 dwords with format conversion. 7 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZW  Untyped buffer store 4 dwords with format conversion. 8 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_X  Untyped buffer load 1 dword with format conversion.D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. 9 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XY  Untyped buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 10 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZ  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 11 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZW  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 12 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_X  Untyped buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 13 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XY  Untyped buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 14 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZ  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion. 15 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZW  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion. 16 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE  Untyped buffer load unsigned byte (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 17 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE  Untyped buffer load signed byte (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 18 BUFFER_LOAD_USHORT  Untyped buffer load unsigned short (zero extend to VGPRdestination).
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Opcode Name Description 19 BUFFER_LOAD_SSHORT  Untyped buffer load signed short (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 20 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD  Untyped buffer load dword. 21 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords. 22 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer load 3 dwords. 23 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer load 4 dwords. 24 BUFFER_STORE_BYTE  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[7:0]. 25 BUFFER_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[23:16]. 26 BUFFER_STORE_SHORT  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[15:0]. 27 BUFFER_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[31:16]. 28 BUFFER_STORE_DWORD  Untyped buffer store dword. 29 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords. 30 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer store 3 dwords. 31 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer store 4 dwords. 32 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 33 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 34 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 35 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 36 BUFFER_LOAD_SHORT_D16   D0[15:0] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 37 BUFFER_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 38 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_HI_X   D0[31:16] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 39 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_HI_X  Untyped buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 40 BUFFER_WBL2  Write back L2, flush the whole L2 cache. Returns ACK toshader. 41 BUFFER_INVL2  invalidate L2. Returns ACK to shader. 61 BUFFER_STORE_LDS_DWORD  Store one DWORD from LDS memory to system memory withoututilizing VGPRs.
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Opcode Name Description 62 BUFFER_WBINVL1  Write back and invalidate the shader L1. Returns ACK toshader. 63 BUFFER_WBINVL1_VOL  Write back and invalidate the shader L1 only for linesthat are marked volatile. Returns ACK to shader. 64 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 65 BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 66 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 67 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 68 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 69 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 70 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 71 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 72 BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 73 BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 74 BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 75 BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 76 BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 77 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f = tmp.f + DATA.f; MEM[ADDR] = D. 78 BUFFER_ATOMIC_PK_ADD_F16   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f16[31:16] = tmp.f16[31:16] + DATA.f16[31:16]; D.f16[15:0] = tmp.f16[15:0] + DATA.f16[15:0]; MEM[ADDR] = D. 79 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = tmp.f64 + DATA.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 80 BUFFER_ATOMIC_MIN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 < tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 81 BUFFER_ATOMIC_MAX_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 > tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 96 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 97 BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0:1]; cmp = DATA[2:3]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 98 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 99 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 100 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 101 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 102 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 103 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 104 BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 105 BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 106 BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 107 BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 108 BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] :tmp - 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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12.14. MTBUF InstructionsThe bitfield map of the MTBUF format is:
  where:  OFFSET = Unsigned immediate byte offset.  OFFEN = Send offset either as VADDR or as zero.  IDXEN = Send index either as VADDR or as zero.  GLC = Global coherency.  SLC = System level coherent.  LDS = Data is transferred between LDS and Memory, not VGPRs.  OP = Instruction Opcode.  DFMT = Data format for typed buffer.  NFMT = Number format for typed buffer.  VADDR = VGPR address source.  VDATA = Vector GPR for read/write result.  SRSRC = Scalar GPR that specifies resource constant.  SOFFSET = Unsigned byte offset from an SGPR.  ACC = Return to ACC VGPRs Opcode Name Description 0 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X  Typed buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 1 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XY  Typed buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 2 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZ  Typed buffer load 3 dwords with format conversion. 3 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZW  Typed buffer load 4 dwords with format conversion. 4 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_X  Typed buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 5 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XY  Typed buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion. 6 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZ  Typed buffer store 3 dwords with format conversion. 7 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZW  Typed buffer store 4 dwords with format conversion. 8 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_X  Typed buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 9 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XY  Typed buffer load 1 dword with format conversion. 10 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZ  Typed buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 11 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZW  Typed buffer load 2 dwords with format conversion. 12 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_X  Typed buffer store 1 dword with format conversion. 13 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XY  Typed buffer store 1 dword with format conversion.
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Opcode Name Description 14 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZ  Typed buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion. 15 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZW  Typed buffer store 2 dwords with format conversion.12.15. MIMG InstructionsThe bitfield map of the MIMG format is:
  where:  DMASK = Enable mask for image read/write data components.  UNRM = Force address to be unnormalized.  GLC = Global coherency.  DA = Declare an array.  A16 = Texture address component size.  ACC = Return to ACC VGPRs  LWE = LOD warning enable.  OP = Instruction Opcode.  OPM = Instruction Opcode most signifcant bit.  SLC = System level coherent.  VADDR = VGPR address source.  VDATA = Vector GPR for read/write result.  SRSRC = Scalar GPR that specifies resource constant.  SSAMP = Scalar GPR that specifies sampler constant.  D16 = Data in VGPRs is 16 bits, not 32 bits. Opcode Name Description 0 IMAGE_LOAD  Image memory load with format conversion specified in T#. Nosampler. 1 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP  Image memory load with user-supplied mip level. No sampler.Only allowed for miplevel 0, this must be enforced by S/W. 2 IMAGE_LOAD_PCK  Image memory load with no format conversion. No sampler. 3 IMAGE_LOAD_PCK_SGN  Image memory load with with no format conversion and signextension. No sampler. 4 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK  Image memory load with user-supplied mip level, no formatconversion. No sampler.Only allowed for miplevel 0, this must be enforced by S/W.
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Opcode Name Description 5 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK_SGN  Image memory load with user-supplied mip level, no formatconversion and with sign extension. No sampler.Only allowed for miplevel 0, this must be enforced by S/W. 8 IMAGE_STORE  Image memory store with format conversion specified in T#. Nosampler. 9 IMAGE_STORE_MIP  Image memory store with format conversion specified in T# touser specified mip level. No sampler.Only allowed for miplevel 0, this must be enforced by S/W. 10 IMAGE_STORE_PCK  Image memory store of packed data without format conversion .No sampler. 11 IMAGE_STORE_MIP_PCK  Image memory store of packed data without format conversionto user-supplied mip level. No sampler.Only allowed for miplevel 0, this must be enforced by S/W. 14 IMAGE_GET_RESINFO  return resource info for a given mip level specified in theaddress vgpr. No sampler. Returns 4 integer values into VGPRs3-0: {num_mip_levels, depth, height, width}. 16 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 17 IMAGE_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 18 IMAGE_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 19 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 20 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 21 IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 22 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 23 IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 24 IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 25 IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 26 IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 27 IMAGE_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 28 IMAGE_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 32 IMAGE_SAMPLE  Sample texture map. This is the only sample instructionsupported on this ASIC.12.16. FLAT, Scratch and Global InstructionsThe bitfield map of the FLAT format is:
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  where:  GLC = Global coherency.  SLC = System level coherency.  OP = Instruction Opcode.  ADDR = Source of flat address VGPR.  DATA = Source data.  VDST = Destination VGPR.  NV = Access to non-volatile memory.  SADDR = SGPR holding address or offset  SEG = Instruction type: Flat, Scratch, or Global  LDS = Data is transferred between LDS and Memory, not VGPRs.  OFFSET = Immediate address byte-offset.12.16.1. Flat InstructionsFlat instructions look at the per-workitem address and determine for each work item if the targetmemory address is in global, private or scratch memory. Opcode Name Description 16 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE  Untyped buffer load unsigned byte (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 17 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE  Untyped buffer load signed byte (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 18 FLAT_LOAD_USHORT  Untyped buffer load unsigned short (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 19 FLAT_LOAD_SSHORT  Untyped buffer load signed short (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 20 FLAT_LOAD_DWORD  Untyped buffer load dword. 21 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords. 22 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer load 3 dwords. 23 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer load 4 dwords. 24 FLAT_STORE_BYTE  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[7:0]. 25 FLAT_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[23:16]. 26 FLAT_STORE_SHORT  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[15:0]. 27 FLAT_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[31:16]. 28 FLAT_STORE_DWORD  Untyped buffer store dword. 29 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords. 30 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer store 3 dwords. 31 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer store 4 dwords. 32 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte.
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Opcode Name Description 33 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 34 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 35 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 36 FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16   D0[15:0] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 37 FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 64 FLAT_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 65 FLAT_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 66 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 67 FLAT_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 68 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 69 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 70 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 71 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 72 FLAT_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 73 FLAT_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 74 FLAT_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 75 FLAT_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 76 FLAT_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 79 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = tmp.f64 + DATA.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 80 FLAT_ATOMIC_MIN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 < tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 81 FLAT_ATOMIC_MAX_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 < tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 96 FLAT_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 97 FLAT_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0:1]; cmp = DATA[2:3]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 98 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 99 FLAT_ATOMIC_SUB_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 100 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 101 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 102 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 103 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 104 FLAT_ATOMIC_AND_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 105 FLAT_ATOMIC_OR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 106 FLAT_ATOMIC_XOR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 107 FLAT_ATOMIC_INC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 108 FLAT_ATOMIC_DEC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp -1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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12.16.2. Scratch InstructionsScratch instructions are like Flat, but assume all workitem addresses fall in scratch (private)space. Opcode Name Description 16 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE  Untyped buffer load unsigned byte (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 17 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE  Untyped buffer load signed byte (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 18 SCRATCH_LOAD_USHORT  Untyped buffer load unsigned short (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 19 SCRATCH_LOAD_SSHORT  Untyped buffer load signed short (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 20 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORD  Untyped buffer load dword. 21 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords. 22 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer load 3 dwords. 23 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer load 4 dwords. 24 SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[7:0]. 25 SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[23:16]. 26 SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[15:0]. 27 SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[31:16]. 28 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD  Untyped buffer store dword. 29 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords. 30 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer store 3 dwords. 31 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer store 4 dwords. 32 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 33 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 34 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 35 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 36 SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16   D0[15:0] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short.
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Opcode Name Description 37 SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short.12.16.3. Global InstructionsGlobal instructions are like Flat, but assume all workitem addresses fall in global memory space. Opcode Name Description 16 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE  Untyped buffer load unsigned byte (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 17 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE  Untyped buffer load signed byte (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 18 GLOBAL_LOAD_USHORT  Untyped buffer load unsigned short (zero extend to VGPRdestination). 19 GLOBAL_LOAD_SSHORT  Untyped buffer load signed short (sign extend to VGPRdestination). 20 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORD  Untyped buffer load dword. 21 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer load 2 dwords. 22 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer load 3 dwords. 23 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer load 4 dwords. 24 GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[7:0]. 25 GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store byte. Stores S0[23:16]. 26 GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[15:0]. 27 GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI  Untyped buffer store short. Stores S0[31:16]. 28 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORD  Untyped buffer store dword. 29 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX2  Untyped buffer store 2 dwords. 30 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX3  Untyped buffer store 3 dwords. 31 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX4  Untyped buffer store 4 dwords. 32 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 33 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load unsigned byte. 34 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16   D0[15:0] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte. 35 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = {8'h0, MEM[ADDR]}. Untyped buffer load signed byte.
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Opcode Name Description 36 GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16   D0[15:0] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 37 GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI   D0[31:16] = MEM[ADDR]. Untyped buffer load short. 64 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 65 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0]; cmp = DATA[1]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0] = tmp. 66 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 67 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SUB   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 68 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 69 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMIN   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA < tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 70 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // signed compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 71 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMAX   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (DATA > tmp) ? DATA : tmp; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 72 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_AND   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 73 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_OR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 74 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_XOR   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA; RETURN_DATA = tmp. 75 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_INC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 76 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_DEC   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA) ? DATA : tmp - 1; //unsigned compare RETURN_DATA = tmp. 77 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_F32   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f = tmp.f + DATA.f; MEM[ADDR] = D. 78 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_PK_ADD_F16   // 32bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f16[31:16] = tmp.f16[31:16] + DATA.f16[31:16]; D.f16[15:0] = tmp.f16[15:0] + DATA.f16[15:0]; MEM[ADDR] = D. 79 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = tmp.f64 + DATA.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 80 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_MIN_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 < tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 81 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_MAX_F64   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; D.f64 = (DATA.f64 < tmp.f64) ? DATA.f64 : tmp.f64; MEM[ADDR] = D; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 96 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 97 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; src = DATA[0:1]; cmp = DATA[2:3]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == cmp) ? src : tmp; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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Opcode Name Description 98 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] += DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 99 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SUB_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 100 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 101 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] < tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 102 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // signedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 103 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] -= (DATA[0:1] > tmp) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 104 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_AND_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] &= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 105 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_OR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] |= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 106 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_XOR_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] ^= DATA[0:1]; RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 107 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_INC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp >= DATA[0:1]) ? 0 : tmp + 1; // unsignedcompare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp. 108 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_DEC_X2   // 64bit tmp = MEM[ADDR]; MEM[ADDR] = (tmp == 0 || tmp > DATA[0:1]) ? DATA[0:1] : tmp -1; // unsigned compare RETURN_DATA[0:1] = tmp.
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12.17. Instruction Limitations12.17.1. DPPThe following instructions cannot use DPP:•V_MADMK_F32•V_MADAK_F32•V_MADMK_F16•V_MADAK_F16•V_READFIRSTLANE_B32•V_CVT_I32_F64•V_CVT_F64_I32•V_CVT_F32_F64•V_CVT_F64_F32•V_CVT_U32_F64•V_CVT_F64_U32•V_TRUNC_F64•V_CEIL_F64•V_RNDNE_F64•V_FLOOR_F64•V_RCP_F64•V_RSQ_F64•V_SQRT_F64•V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64•V_FREXP_MANT_F64•V_FRACT_F64•V_CLREXCP•V_SWAP_B32•V_CMP_CLASS_F64•V_CMPX_CLASS_F64•V_CMP_*_F64•V_CMPX_*_F64•V_CMP_*_I64•V_CMP_*_U64•V_CMPX_*_I64•V_CMPX_*_U64
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12.17.2. SDWAThe following instructions cannot use SDWA:•V_MAC_F32•V_MADMK_F32•V_MADAK_F32•V_MAC_F16•V_MADMK_F16•V_MADAK_F16•V_FMAC_F32•V_READFIRSTLANE_B32•V_CLREXCP•V_SWAP_B32
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Chapter 13. Microcode FormatsThis section specifies the microcode formats. The definitions can be used to simplify compilationby providing standard templates and enumeration names for the various instruction formats.Endian Order - The CDNA architecture addresses memory and registers using littleendian byte-ordering and bit-ordering. Multi-byte values are stored with their least-significant (low-order) byte(LSB) at the lowest byte address, and they are illustrated with their LSB at the right side. Bytevalues are stored with their least-significant (low-order) bit (lsb) at the lowest bit address, andthey are illustrated with their lsb at the right side.The table below summarizes the microcode formats and their widths. The sections that followprovide detailsTable 53. Summary of Microcode Formats Microcode Formats Reference Width (bits) Scalar ALU and Control Formats SOP2 SOP2 32 SOP1 SOP1 SOPK SOPK SOPP SOPP SOPC SOPC Scalar Memory Format SMEM SMEM 64 Vector ALU Format VOP1 VOP1 32 VOP2 VOP2 32 VOPC VOPC 32 VOP3A VOP3A 64 VOP3B VOP3B 64 VOP3P VOP3P 64 VOP3P-MAI VOP3P-MAI 64 DPP DPP 32 SDWA VOP2 32 LDS/GDS Format DS DS 64 Vector Memory Buffer Formats MTBUF MTBUF 64
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Microcode Formats Reference Width (bits) MUBUF MUBUF 64 Vector Memory Image Format MIMG MIMG 64 Flat Formats FLAT FLAT 64 GLOBAL GLOBAL 64 SCRATCH SCRATCH 64The field-definition tables that accompany the descriptions in the sections below use thefollowing notation.•int(2) - A two-bit field that specifies an unsigned integer value.•enum(7) - A seven-bit field that specifies an enumerated set of values (in this case, a set ofup to 27 values). The number of valid values can be less than the maximum.The default value of all fields is zero. Any bitfield not identified is assumed to be reserved.Instruction SuffixesMost instructions include a suffix which indicates the data type the instruction handles. Thissuffix may also include a number which indicate the size of the data.For example: "F32" indicates "32-bit floating point data", or "B16" is "16-bit binary data".•B = binary•F = floating point•U = unsigned integer•S = signed integerWhen more than one data-type specifier occurs in an instruction, the last one is the result typeand size, and the earlier one(s) is/are input data type and size.13.1. Scalar ALU and Control Formats13.1.1. SOP2Scalar format with Two inputs, one output
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FormatSOP2DescriptionThis is a scalar instruction with two inputs and one output. Can be followedby a 32-bit literal constant.Table 54. SOP2 Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description SSRC0 [7:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249 - 250251252253254255 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).Reserved.VCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant. SSRC1 [15:8] Second scalar source operand.Same codes as SSRC0, above. SDST [22:16] Scalar destination.Same codes as SSRC0, above except only codes 0-127 are valid. OP [29:23] See Opcode table below.
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Field Name Bits Format or Description ENCODING [31:30] Must be: 10Table 55. SOP2 Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 S_ADD_U32 1 S_SUB_U32 2 S_ADD_I32 3 S_SUB_I32 4 S_ADDC_U32 5 S_SUBB_U32 6 S_MIN_I32 7 S_MIN_U32 8 S_MAX_I32 9 S_MAX_U32 10 S_CSELECT_B32 11 S_CSELECT_B64 12 S_AND_B32 13 S_AND_B64 14 S_OR_B32 15 S_OR_B64 16 S_XOR_B32 17 S_XOR_B64 18 S_ANDN2_B32 19 S_ANDN2_B64 20 S_ORN2_B32 21 S_ORN2_B64 22 S_NAND_B32 23 S_NAND_B64 24 S_NOR_B32 25 S_NOR_B64 26 S_XNOR_B32 27 S_XNOR_B64 28 S_LSHL_B32 29 S_LSHL_B64
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Opcode # Name 30 S_LSHR_B32 31 S_LSHR_B64 32 S_ASHR_I32 33 S_ASHR_I64 34 S_BFM_B32 35 S_BFM_B64 36 S_MUL_I32 37 S_BFE_U32 38 S_BFE_I32 39 S_BFE_U64 40 S_BFE_I64 41 S_CBRANCH_G_FORK 42 S_ABSDIFF_I32 43 S_RFE_RESTORE_B64 44 S_MUL_HI_U32 45 S_MUL_HI_I32 46 S_LSHL1_ADD_U32 47 S_LSHL2_ADD_U32 48 S_LSHL3_ADD_U32 49 S_LSHL4_ADD_U32 50 S_PACK_LL_B32_B16 51 S_PACK_LH_B32_B16 52 S_PACK_HH_B32_B1613.1.2. SOPK
FormatSOPKDescriptionThis is a scalar instruction with one 16-bit signed immediate (SIMM16)input and a single destination. Instructions which take 2 inputs use thedestination as the second input.Table 56. SOPK Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SIMM16 [15:0] Signed immediate 16-bit value. SDST [22:16]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127 Scalar destination, and can provide second source operand.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32]. OP [27:23] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31:28] Must be: 1011Table 57. SOPK Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 S_MOVK_I32 1 S_CMOVK_I32 2 S_CMPK_EQ_I32 3 S_CMPK_LG_I32 4 S_CMPK_GT_I32 5 S_CMPK_GE_I32 6 S_CMPK_LT_I32 7 S_CMPK_LE_I32 8 S_CMPK_EQ_U32 9 S_CMPK_LG_U32 10 S_CMPK_GT_U32 11 S_CMPK_GE_U32 12 S_CMPK_LT_U32 13 S_CMPK_LE_U32 14 S_ADDK_I32 15 S_MULK_I32 16 S_CBRANCH_I_FORK 17 S_GETREG_B32 18 S_SETREG_B32 20 S_SETREG_IMM32_B32
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Opcode # Name 21 S_CALL_B6413.1.3. SOP1
FormatSOP1DescriptionThis is a scalar instruction with two inputs and one output. Can be followedby a 32-bit literal constant.Table 58. SOP1 Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SSRC0 [7:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249 - 250251252253254255 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).Reserved.VCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant. OP [15:8] See Opcode table below. SDST [22:16] Scalar destination.Same codes as SSRC0, above except only codes 0-127 are valid. ENCODING [31:23] Must be: 10_1111101Table 59. SOP1 Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 S_MOV_B32 1 S_MOV_B64 2 S_CMOV_B32 3 S_CMOV_B64
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Opcode # Name 4 S_NOT_B32 5 S_NOT_B64 6 S_WQM_B32 7 S_WQM_B64 8 S_BREV_B32 9 S_BREV_B64 10 S_BCNT0_I32_B32 11 S_BCNT0_I32_B64 12 S_BCNT1_I32_B32 13 S_BCNT1_I32_B64 14 S_FF0_I32_B32 15 S_FF0_I32_B64 16 S_FF1_I32_B32 17 S_FF1_I32_B64 18 S_FLBIT_I32_B32 19 S_FLBIT_I32_B64 20 S_FLBIT_I32 21 S_FLBIT_I32_I64 22 S_SEXT_I32_I8 23 S_SEXT_I32_I16 24 S_BITSET0_B32 25 S_BITSET0_B64 26 S_BITSET1_B32 27 S_BITSET1_B64 28 S_GETPC_B64 29 S_SETPC_B64 30 S_SWAPPC_B64 31 S_RFE_B64 32 S_AND_SAVEEXEC_B64 33 S_OR_SAVEEXEC_B64 34 S_XOR_SAVEEXEC_B64 35 S_ANDN2_SAVEEXEC_B64 36 S_ORN2_SAVEEXEC_B64 37 S_NAND_SAVEEXEC_B64
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Opcode # Name 38 S_NOR_SAVEEXEC_B64 39 S_XNOR_SAVEEXEC_B64 40 S_QUADMASK_B32 41 S_QUADMASK_B64 42 S_MOVRELS_B32 43 S_MOVRELS_B64 44 S_MOVRELD_B32 45 S_MOVRELD_B64 46 S_CBRANCH_JOIN 48 S_ABS_I32 50 S_SET_GPR_IDX_IDX 51 S_ANDN1_SAVEEXEC_B64 52 S_ORN1_SAVEEXEC_B64 53 S_ANDN1_WREXEC_B64 54 S_ANDN2_WREXEC_B64 55 S_BITREPLICATE_B64_B3213.1.4. SOPC
FormatSOPCDescriptionThis is a scalar instruction with two inputs which are compared andproduces SCC as a result. Can be followed by a 32-bit literal constant.Table 60. SOPC Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SSRC0 [7:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249 - 250251252253254255 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).Reserved.VCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant. SSRC1 [15:8] Second scalar source operand.Same codes as SSRC0, above. OP [22:16] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31:23] Must be: 10_1111110Table 61. SOPC Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 S_CMP_EQ_I32 1 S_CMP_LG_I32 2 S_CMP_GT_I32 3 S_CMP_GE_I32
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Opcode # Name 4 S_CMP_LT_I32 5 S_CMP_LE_I32 6 S_CMP_EQ_U32 7 S_CMP_LG_U32 8 S_CMP_GT_U32 9 S_CMP_GE_U32 10 S_CMP_LT_U32 11 S_CMP_LE_U32 12 S_BITCMP0_B32 13 S_BITCMP1_B32 14 S_BITCMP0_B64 15 S_BITCMP1_B64 16 S_SETVSKIP 17 S_SET_GPR_IDX_ON 18 S_CMP_EQ_U64 19 S_CMP_LG_U6413.1.5. SOPP
FormatSOPPDescriptionThis is a scalar instruction with one 16-bit signed immediate (SIMM16)input.Table 62. SOPP Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description SIMM16 [15:0] Signed immediate 16-bit value. OP [22:16] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31:23] Must be: 10_1111111Table 63. SOPP Opcodes
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Opcode # Name 0 S_NOP 1 S_ENDPGM 2 S_BRANCH 3 S_WAKEUP 4 S_CBRANCH_SCC0 5 S_CBRANCH_SCC1 6 S_CBRANCH_VCCZ 7 S_CBRANCH_VCCNZ 8 S_CBRANCH_EXECZ 9 S_CBRANCH_EXECNZ 10 S_BARRIER 11 S_SETKILL 12 S_WAITCNT 13 S_SETHALT 14 S_SLEEP 15 S_SETPRIO 16 S_SENDMSG 17 S_SENDMSGHALT 18 S_TRAP 19 S_ICACHE_INV 20 S_INCPERFLEVEL 21 S_DECPERFLEVEL 23 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS 24 S_CBRANCH_CDBGUSER 25 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS_OR_USER 26 S_CBRANCH_CDBGSYS_AND_USER 27 S_ENDPGM_SAVED 28 S_SET_GPR_IDX_OFF 29 S_SET_GPR_IDX_MODE 30 S_ENDPGM_ORDERED_PS_DONE13.2. Scalar Memory Format
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13.2.1. SMEM
FormatSMEMDescriptionScalar Memory data load/storeTable 64. SMEM Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description SBASE [5:0] SGPR-pair which provides base address or SGPR-quad which provides V#.(LSB of SGPR address is omitted). SDATA [12:6] SGPR which provides write data or accepts return data. SOE [14] Scalar offset enable. NV [15] Non-volatile GLC [16] Globally memory Coherent. Force bypass of L1 cache, or for atomics, causepre-op value to be returned. IMM [17] Immediate enable. OP [25:18] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 110000 OFFSET [52:32] An immediate signed byte offset, or the address of an SGPR holding theunsigned byte offset. Signed offsets only work with S_LOAD/STORE. SOFFSET [63:57] SGPR offset. Used only when SOFFSET_EN = 1 May only specify an SGPRor M0.Table 65. SMEM Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 S_LOAD_DWORD 1 S_LOAD_DWORDX2 2 S_LOAD_DWORDX4 3 S_LOAD_DWORDX8 4 S_LOAD_DWORDX16 5 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORD 6 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX2 7 S_SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX4 8 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD
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Opcode # Name 9 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2 10 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4 11 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX8 12 S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX16 16 S_STORE_DWORD 17 S_STORE_DWORDX2 18 S_STORE_DWORDX4 21 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD 22 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX2 23 S_SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX4 24 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORD 25 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX2 26 S_BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX4 32 S_DCACHE_INV 33 S_DCACHE_WB 34 S_DCACHE_INV_VOL 35 S_DCACHE_WB_VOL 36 S_MEMTIME 37 S_MEMREALTIME 38 S_ATC_PROBE 39 S_ATC_PROBE_BUFFER 40 S_DCACHE_DISCARD 41 S_DCACHE_DISCARD_X2 64 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP 65 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 66 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD 67 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB 68 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN 69 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN 70 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX 71 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX 72 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND 73 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR 74 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR
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Opcode # Name 75 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC 76 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC 96 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 97 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 98 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 99 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 100 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 101 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2 102 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 103 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 104 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND_X2 105 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR_X2 106 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 107 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC_X2 108 S_BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC_X2 128 S_ATOMIC_SWAP 129 S_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 130 S_ATOMIC_ADD 131 S_ATOMIC_SUB 132 S_ATOMIC_SMIN 133 S_ATOMIC_UMIN 134 S_ATOMIC_SMAX 135 S_ATOMIC_UMAX 136 S_ATOMIC_AND 137 S_ATOMIC_OR 138 S_ATOMIC_XOR 139 S_ATOMIC_INC 140 S_ATOMIC_DEC 160 S_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 161 S_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 162 S_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 163 S_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 164 S_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 165 S_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2
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Opcode # Name 166 S_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 167 S_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 168 S_ATOMIC_AND_X2 169 S_ATOMIC_OR_X2 170 S_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 171 S_ATOMIC_INC_X2 172 S_ATOMIC_DEC_X213.3. Vector ALU Formats13.3.1. VOP2
FormatVOP2DescriptionVector ALU format with two operandsTable 66. VOP2 Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [8:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 VSRC1 [16:9] VGPR which provides the second operand. VDST [24:17] Destination VGPR. OP [30:25] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31] Must be: 0Table 67. VOP2 Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 V_CNDMASK_B32 1 V_ADD_F32
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Opcode # Name 2 V_SUB_F32 3 V_SUBREV_F32 4 V_FMAC_F64 5 V_MUL_F32 6 V_MUL_I32_I24 7 V_MUL_HI_I32_I24 8 V_MUL_U32_U24 9 V_MUL_HI_U32_U24 10 V_MIN_F32 11 V_MAX_F32 12 V_MIN_I32 13 V_MAX_I32 14 V_MIN_U32 15 V_MAX_U32 16 V_LSHRREV_B32 17 V_ASHRREV_I32 18 V_LSHLREV_B32 19 V_AND_B32 20 V_OR_B32 21 V_XOR_B32 22 V_MAC_F32 23 V_MADMK_F32 24 V_MADAK_F32 25 V_ADD_CO_U32 26 V_SUB_CO_U32 27 V_SUBREV_CO_U32 28 V_ADDC_CO_U32 29 V_SUBB_CO_U32 30 V_SUBBREV_CO_U32 31 V_ADD_F16 32 V_SUB_F16 33 V_SUBREV_F16 34 V_MUL_F16 35 V_MAC_F16
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Opcode # Name 36 V_MADMK_F16 37 V_MADAK_F16 38 V_ADD_U16 39 V_SUB_U16 40 V_SUBREV_U16 41 V_MUL_LO_U16 42 V_LSHLREV_B16 43 V_LSHRREV_B16 44 V_ASHRREV_I16 45 V_MAX_F16 46 V_MIN_F16 47 V_MAX_U16 48 V_MAX_I16 49 V_MIN_U16 50 V_MIN_I16 51 V_LDEXP_F16 52 V_ADD_U32 53 V_SUB_U32 54 V_SUBREV_U32 55 V_DOT2C_F32_F16 56 V_DOT2C_I32_I16 57 V_DOT4C_I32_I8 58 V_DOT8C_I32_I4 59 V_FMAC_F32 60 V_PK_FMAC_F16 61 V_XNOR_B3213.3.2. VOP1
FormatVOP1
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DescriptionVector ALU format with one operandTable 68. VOP1 Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [8:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 OP [16:9] See Opcode table below. VDST [24:17] Destination VGPR. ENCODING [31:25] Must be: 0_111111Table 69. VOP1 Opcodes
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Opcode # Name 0 V_NOP 1 V_MOV_B32 2 V_READFIRSTLANE_B32 3 V_CVT_I32_F64 4 V_CVT_F64_I32 5 V_CVT_F32_I32 6 V_CVT_F32_U32 7 V_CVT_U32_F32 8 V_CVT_I32_F32 10 V_CVT_F16_F32 11 V_CVT_F32_F16 12 V_CVT_RPI_I32_F32 13 V_CVT_FLR_I32_F32 14 V_CVT_OFF_F32_I4 15 V_CVT_F32_F64 16 V_CVT_F64_F32 17 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE0 18 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE1 19 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE2 20 V_CVT_F32_UBYTE3 21 V_CVT_U32_F64 22 V_CVT_F64_U32 23 V_TRUNC_F64 24 V_CEIL_F64 25 V_RNDNE_F64 26 V_FLOOR_F64 27 V_FRACT_F32 28 V_TRUNC_F32 29 V_CEIL_F32 30 V_RNDNE_F32 31 V_FLOOR_F32 32 V_EXP_F32 33 V_LOG_F32 34 V_RCP_F32
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Opcode # Name 35 V_RCP_IFLAG_F32 36 V_RSQ_F32 37 V_RCP_F64 38 V_RSQ_F64 39 V_SQRT_F32 40 V_SQRT_F64 41 V_SIN_F32 42 V_COS_F32 43 V_NOT_B32 44 V_BFREV_B32 45 V_FFBH_U32 46 V_FFBL_B32 47 V_FFBH_I32 48 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64 49 V_FREXP_MANT_F64 50 V_FRACT_F64 51 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F32 52 V_FREXP_MANT_F32 53 V_CLREXCP 55 V_SCREEN_PARTITION_4SE_B32 57 V_CVT_F16_U16 58 V_CVT_F16_I16 59 V_CVT_U16_F16 60 V_CVT_I16_F16 61 V_RCP_F16 62 V_SQRT_F16 63 V_RSQ_F16 64 V_LOG_F16 65 V_EXP_F16 66 V_FREXP_MANT_F16 67 V_FREXP_EXP_I16_F16 68 V_FLOOR_F16 69 V_CEIL_F16 70 V_TRUNC_F16
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Opcode # Name 71 V_RNDNE_F16 72 V_FRACT_F16 73 V_SIN_F16 74 V_COS_F16 75 V_EXP_LEGACY_F32 76 V_LOG_LEGACY_F32 77 V_CVT_NORM_I16_F16 78 V_CVT_NORM_U16_F16 79 V_SAT_PK_U8_I16 81 V_SWAP_B32 82 V_ACCVGPR_MOV_B3213.3.3. VOPC
FormatVOPCDescriptionVector instruction taking two inputs and producing a comparison result. Canbe followed by a 32- bit literal constant. Vector Comparison operations aredivided into three groups:•those which can use any one of 16 comparison operations,•those which can use any one of 8, and•those which have a single comparison operation.The final opcode number is determined by adding the base for the opcode family plus the offsetfrom the compare op. Every compare instruction writes a result to VCC (for VOPC) or an SGPR(for VOP3). Additionally, compare instruction have variants that also writes to the EXEC mask.The destination of the compare result is always VCC when encoded using the VOPC format,and can be an arbitrary SGPR when encoded in the VOP3 format.Comparison OperationsTable 70. Comparison Operations Compare Operation OpcodeOffset Description Sixteen Compare Operations (OP16)
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Compare Operation OpcodeOffset Description F 0 D.u = 0 LT 1 D.u = (S0 < S1) EQ 2 D.u = (S0 == S1) LE 3 D.u = (S0 <= S1) GT 4 D.u = (S0 > S1) LG 5 D.u = (S0 <> S1) GE 6 D.u = (S0 >= S1) O 7 D.u = (!isNaN(S0) && !isNaN(S1)) U 8 D.u = (!isNaN(S0) || !isNaN(S1)) NGE 9 D.u = !(S0 >= S1) NLG 10 D.u = !(S0 <> S1) NGT 11 D.u = !(S0 > S1) NLE 12 D.u = !(S0 <= S1) NEQ 13 D.u = !(S0 == S1) NLT 14 D.u = !(S0 < S1) TRU 15 D.u = 1 Eight Compare Operations (OP8) F 0 D.u = 0 LT 1 D.u = (S0 < S1) EQ 2 D.u = (S0 == S1) LE 3 D.u = (S0 <= S1) GT 4 D.u = (S0 > S1) LG 5 D.u = (S0 <> S1) GE 6 D.u = (S0 >= S1) TRU 7 D.u = 1Table 71. VOPC Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [8:0]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 VSRC1 [16:9] VGPR which provides the second operand. OP [24:17] See Opcode table below. ENCODING [31:25] Must be: 0_111110Table 72. VOPC Opcodes Opcode # Name 16 V_CMP_CLASS_F32 17 V_CMPX_CLASS_F32 18 V_CMP_CLASS_F64
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Opcode # Name 19 V_CMPX_CLASS_F64 20 V_CMP_CLASS_F16 21 V_CMPX_CLASS_F16 32 V_CMP_F_F16 33 V_CMP_LT_F16 34 V_CMP_EQ_F16 35 V_CMP_LE_F16 36 V_CMP_GT_F16 37 V_CMP_LG_F16 38 V_CMP_GE_F16 39 V_CMP_O_F16 40 V_CMP_U_F16 41 V_CMP_NGE_F16 42 V_CMP_NLG_F16 43 V_CMP_NGT_F16 44 V_CMP_NLE_F16 45 V_CMP_NEQ_F16 46 V_CMP_NLT_F16 47 V_CMP_TRU_F16 48 V_CMPX_F_F16 49 V_CMPX_LT_F16 50 V_CMPX_EQ_F16 51 V_CMPX_LE_F16 52 V_CMPX_GT_F16 53 V_CMPX_LG_F16 54 V_CMPX_GE_F16 55 V_CMPX_O_F16 56 V_CMPX_U_F16 57 V_CMPX_NGE_F16 58 V_CMPX_NLG_F16 59 V_CMPX_NGT_F16 60 V_CMPX_NLE_F16 61 V_CMPX_NEQ_F16 62 V_CMPX_NLT_F16
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Opcode # Name 63 V_CMPX_TRU_F16 64 V_CMP_F_F32 65 V_CMP_LT_F32 66 V_CMP_EQ_F32 67 V_CMP_LE_F32 68 V_CMP_GT_F32 69 V_CMP_LG_F32 70 V_CMP_GE_F32 71 V_CMP_O_F32 72 V_CMP_U_F32 73 V_CMP_NGE_F32 74 V_CMP_NLG_F32 75 V_CMP_NGT_F32 76 V_CMP_NLE_F32 77 V_CMP_NEQ_F32 78 V_CMP_NLT_F32 79 V_CMP_TRU_F32 80 V_CMPX_F_F32 81 V_CMPX_LT_F32 82 V_CMPX_EQ_F32 83 V_CMPX_LE_F32 84 V_CMPX_GT_F32 85 V_CMPX_LG_F32 86 V_CMPX_GE_F32 87 V_CMPX_O_F32 88 V_CMPX_U_F32 89 V_CMPX_NGE_F32 90 V_CMPX_NLG_F32 91 V_CMPX_NGT_F32 92 V_CMPX_NLE_F32 93 V_CMPX_NEQ_F32 94 V_CMPX_NLT_F32 95 V_CMPX_TRU_F32 96 V_CMP_F_F64
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Opcode # Name 97 V_CMP_LT_F64 98 V_CMP_EQ_F64 99 V_CMP_LE_F64 100 V_CMP_GT_F64 101 V_CMP_LG_F64 102 V_CMP_GE_F64 103 V_CMP_O_F64 104 V_CMP_U_F64 105 V_CMP_NGE_F64 106 V_CMP_NLG_F64 107 V_CMP_NGT_F64 108 V_CMP_NLE_F64 109 V_CMP_NEQ_F64 110 V_CMP_NLT_F64 111 V_CMP_TRU_F64 112 V_CMPX_F_F64 113 V_CMPX_LT_F64 114 V_CMPX_EQ_F64 115 V_CMPX_LE_F64 116 V_CMPX_GT_F64 117 V_CMPX_LG_F64 118 V_CMPX_GE_F64 119 V_CMPX_O_F64 120 V_CMPX_U_F64 121 V_CMPX_NGE_F64 122 V_CMPX_NLG_F64 123 V_CMPX_NGT_F64 124 V_CMPX_NLE_F64 125 V_CMPX_NEQ_F64 126 V_CMPX_NLT_F64 127 V_CMPX_TRU_F64 160 V_CMP_F_I16 161 V_CMP_LT_I16 162 V_CMP_EQ_I16
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Opcode # Name 163 V_CMP_LE_I16 164 V_CMP_GT_I16 165 V_CMP_NE_I16 166 V_CMP_GE_I16 167 V_CMP_T_I16 168 V_CMP_F_U16 169 V_CMP_LT_U16 170 V_CMP_EQ_U16 171 V_CMP_LE_U16 172 V_CMP_GT_U16 173 V_CMP_NE_U16 174 V_CMP_GE_U16 175 V_CMP_T_U16 176 V_CMPX_F_I16 177 V_CMPX_LT_I16 178 V_CMPX_EQ_I16 179 V_CMPX_LE_I16 180 V_CMPX_GT_I16 181 V_CMPX_NE_I16 182 V_CMPX_GE_I16 183 V_CMPX_T_I16 184 V_CMPX_F_U16 185 V_CMPX_LT_U16 186 V_CMPX_EQ_U16 187 V_CMPX_LE_U16 188 V_CMPX_GT_U16 189 V_CMPX_NE_U16 190 V_CMPX_GE_U16 191 V_CMPX_T_U16 192 V_CMP_F_I32 193 V_CMP_LT_I32 194 V_CMP_EQ_I32 195 V_CMP_LE_I32 196 V_CMP_GT_I32
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Opcode # Name 197 V_CMP_NE_I32 198 V_CMP_GE_I32 199 V_CMP_T_I32 200 V_CMP_F_U32 201 V_CMP_LT_U32 202 V_CMP_EQ_U32 203 V_CMP_LE_U32 204 V_CMP_GT_U32 205 V_CMP_NE_U32 206 V_CMP_GE_U32 207 V_CMP_T_U32 208 V_CMPX_F_I32 209 V_CMPX_LT_I32 210 V_CMPX_EQ_I32 211 V_CMPX_LE_I32 212 V_CMPX_GT_I32 213 V_CMPX_NE_I32 214 V_CMPX_GE_I32 215 V_CMPX_T_I32 216 V_CMPX_F_U32 217 V_CMPX_LT_U32 218 V_CMPX_EQ_U32 219 V_CMPX_LE_U32 220 V_CMPX_GT_U32 221 V_CMPX_NE_U32 222 V_CMPX_GE_U32 223 V_CMPX_T_U32 224 V_CMP_F_I64 225 V_CMP_LT_I64 226 V_CMP_EQ_I64 227 V_CMP_LE_I64 228 V_CMP_GT_I64 229 V_CMP_NE_I64 230 V_CMP_GE_I64
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Opcode # Name 231 V_CMP_T_I64 232 V_CMP_F_U64 233 V_CMP_LT_U64 234 V_CMP_EQ_U64 235 V_CMP_LE_U64 236 V_CMP_GT_U64 237 V_CMP_NE_U64 238 V_CMP_GE_U64 239 V_CMP_T_U64 240 V_CMPX_F_I64 241 V_CMPX_LT_I64 242 V_CMPX_EQ_I64 243 V_CMPX_LE_I64 244 V_CMPX_GT_I64 245 V_CMPX_NE_I64 246 V_CMPX_GE_I64 247 V_CMPX_T_I64 248 V_CMPX_F_U64 249 V_CMPX_LT_U64 250 V_CMPX_EQ_U64 251 V_CMPX_LE_U64 252 V_CMPX_GT_U64 253 V_CMPX_NE_U64 254 V_CMPX_GE_U64 255 V_CMPX_T_U6413.3.4. VOP3A
FormatVOP3A
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DescriptionVector ALU format with three operandsTable 73. VOP3A Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description VDST [7:0] Destination VGPR ABS [10:8] Absolute value of input. [8] = src0, [9] = src1, [10] = src2 OPSEL [14:11] Operand select for 16-bit data. 0 = select low half, 1 = select high half. [11] =src0, [12] = src1, [13] = src2, [14] = dest. CLMP [15] Clamp output OP [25:16] Opcode. See next table. ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 110100
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [40:32]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 SRC1 [49:41] Second input operand. Same options as SRC0. SRC2 [58:50] Third input operand. Same options as SRC0. OMOD [60:59] Output Modifier: 0=none, 1=*2, 2=*4, 3=div-2 NEG [63:61] Negate input. [61] = src0, [62] = src1, [63] = src2Table 74. VOP3A Opcodes Opcode # Name 448 V_MAD_LEGACY_F32 449 V_MAD_F32
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Opcode # Name 450 V_MAD_I32_I24 451 V_MAD_U32_U24 452 V_CUBEID_F32 453 V_CUBESC_F32 454 V_CUBETC_F32 455 V_CUBEMA_F32 456 V_BFE_U32 457 V_BFE_I32 458 V_BFI_B32 459 V_FMA_F32 460 V_FMA_F64 461 V_LERP_U8 462 V_ALIGNBIT_B32 463 V_ALIGNBYTE_B32 464 V_MIN3_F32 465 V_MIN3_I32 466 V_MIN3_U32 467 V_MAX3_F32 468 V_MAX3_I32 469 V_MAX3_U32 470 V_MED3_F32 471 V_MED3_I32 472 V_MED3_U32 473 V_SAD_U8 474 V_SAD_HI_U8 475 V_SAD_U16 476 V_SAD_U32 477 V_CVT_PK_U8_F32 478 V_DIV_FIXUP_F32 479 V_DIV_FIXUP_F64 482 V_DIV_FMAS_F32 483 V_DIV_FMAS_F64 484 V_MSAD_U8 485 V_QSAD_PK_U16_U8
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Opcode # Name 486 V_MQSAD_PK_U16_U8 487 V_MQSAD_U32_U8 490 V_MAD_LEGACY_F16 491 V_MAD_LEGACY_U16 492 V_MAD_LEGACY_I16 493 V_PERM_B32 494 V_FMA_LEGACY_F16 495 V_DIV_FIXUP_LEGACY_F16 496 V_CVT_PKACCUM_U8_F32 497 V_MAD_U32_U16 498 V_MAD_I32_I16 499 V_XAD_U32 500 V_MIN3_F16 501 V_MIN3_I16 502 V_MIN3_U16 503 V_MAX3_F16 504 V_MAX3_I16 505 V_MAX3_U16 506 V_MED3_F16 507 V_MED3_I16 508 V_MED3_U16 509 V_LSHL_ADD_U32 510 V_ADD_LSHL_U32 511 V_ADD3_U32 512 V_LSHL_OR_B32 513 V_AND_OR_B32 514 V_OR3_B32 515 V_MAD_F16 516 V_MAD_U16 517 V_MAD_I16 518 V_FMA_F16 519 V_DIV_FIXUP_F16 640 V_ADD_F64 641 V_MUL_F64
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Opcode # Name 642 V_MIN_F64 643 V_MAX_F64 644 V_LDEXP_F64 645 V_MUL_LO_U32 646 V_MUL_HI_U32 647 V_MUL_HI_I32 648 V_LDEXP_F32 649 V_READLANE_B32 650 V_WRITELANE_B32 651 V_BCNT_U32_B32 652 V_MBCNT_LO_U32_B32 653 V_MBCNT_HI_U32_B32 655 V_LSHLREV_B64 656 V_LSHRREV_B64 657 V_ASHRREV_I64 658 V_TRIG_PREOP_F64 659 V_BFM_B32 660 V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F32 661 V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F32 662 V_CVT_PKRTZ_F16_F32 663 V_CVT_PK_U16_U32 664 V_CVT_PK_I16_I32 665 V_CVT_PKNORM_I16_F16 666 V_CVT_PKNORM_U16_F16 668 V_ADD_I32 669 V_SUB_I32 670 V_ADD_I16 671 V_SUB_I16 672 V_PACK_B32_F16 673 V_MUL_LEGACY_F3213.3.5. VOP3B
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FormatVOP3BDescriptionVector ALU format with three operands and a scalar result. This encodingis used only for a few opcodes.This encoding allows specifying a unique scalar destination, and is used only for the opcodeslisted below. All other opcodes use VOP3A.•V_ADD_CO_U32•V_SUB_CO_U32•V_SUBREV_CO_U32•V_ADDC_CO_U32•V_SUBB_CO_U32•V_SUBBREV_CO_U32•V_DIV_SCALE_F32•V_DIV_SCALE_F64•V_MAD_U64_U32•V_MAD_I64_I32Table 75. VOP3B Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description VDST [7:0] Destination VGPR SDST [14:8] Scalar destination CLMP [15] Clamp result OP [25:16] Opcode. see next table. ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 110100
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [40:32]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 SRC1 [49:41] Second input operand. Same options as SRC0. SRC2 [58:50] Third input operand. Same options as SRC0. OMOD [60:59] Output Modifier: 0=none, 1=*2, 2=*4, 3=div-2 NEG [63:61] Negate input. [61] = src0, [62] = src1, [63] = src2Table 76. VOP3B Opcodes Opcode # Name 480 V_DIV_SCALE_F32 481 V_DIV_SCALE_F64
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Opcode # Name 488 V_MAD_U64_U32 489 V_MAD_I64_I3213.3.6. VOP3P
FormatVOP3PDescriptionVector ALU format taking one, two or three pairs of 16 bit inputs andproducing two 16-bit outputs (packed into 1 dword).Table 77. VOP3P Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description VDST [7:0] Destination VGPR NEG_HI [10:8] Negate sources 0,1,2 of the high 16-bits. OPSEL [13:11] Select low or high for low sources 0=[11], 1=[12], 2=[13]. OPSEL_HI2 [14] Select low or high for high sources 0=[14], 1=[60], 2=[59]. CLMP [15] 1 = clamp result. OP [22:16] Opcode. see next table. ENCODING [31:24] Must be: 110100111
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [40:32]0 - 101102103104105106107108-123124125126127128129-192193-208209-234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.SGPR0 to SGPR101: Scalar general-purpose registers.FLAT_SCRATCH_LO.FLAT_SCRATCH_HI.XNACK_MASK_LO.XNACK_MASK_HI.VCC_LO: vcc[31:0].VCC_HI: vcc[63:32].TTMP0 - TTMP15: Trap handler temporary register.M0. Memory register 0.ReservedEXEC_LO: exec[31:0].EXEC_HI: exec[63:32].0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.SHARED_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).SHARED_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_BASE (Memory Aperture definition).PRIVATE_LIMIT (Memory Aperture definition).POPS_EXITING_WAVE_ID .0.5.-0.5.1.0.-1.0.2.0.-2.0.4.0.-4.0.1/(2*PI).SDWADPPVCCZ.EXECZ.SCC.Reserved.Literal constant.VGPR 0 - 255 SRC1 [49:41] Second input operand. Same options as SRC0. SRC2 [58:50] Third input operand. Same options as SRC0. OPSEL_HI [60:59] See OP_SEL_HI2. NEG [63:61] Negate input for low 16-bits of sources. [61] = src0, [62] = src1, [63] = src213.3.6.1. VOP3P-MAI
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Table 78. VOP3P-MAI Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description VDST [7:0] Destination VGPR CBSZ [10:8] Defines the number of blocks that can do a broadcast within a group. Legalvalues = 0-4. The block ID of this group comes from ABID. ABID [14:11] Block ID of block to broadcast during matrix multiply (MFMA ops). ACC_CD [15] Indicats that SRC-C and VDST use ACC VGPRs OP [22:16] Opcode. see next table. ENCODING [31:24] Must be: 110100111 SRC0 [40:32]0 - 107128129-192193-208209-239240241242243244245246247248249 - 255256 - 511 Source 0. First operand for the instruction.Reserved.0.Signed integer 1 to 64.Signed integer -1 to -16.Reserved.0.5. (float32)-0.5.(float32) 1.0. (float32)-1.0. (float32)2.0. (float32)-2.0. (float32)4.0. (float32)-4.0. (float32)1/(2*PI). (float32)ReservedVGPR 0 - 255 SRC1 [49:41] Second input operand. Same options as SRC0. SRC2 [58:50] Third input operand. Same options as SRC0. ACC [60:59] ACC[0] : 0 = read SRC-A from Arch VGPR; 1 = read SRC-A from Acc VGPR.ACC[1] : 0 = read SRC-B from Arch VGPR; 1 = read SRC-B from Acc VGPR. BLGP [63:61] “B”-Matrix Lane-Group Pattern. Controls how to swizzle the matrix lane groups(LG) in VGPRs when doing matrix multiplication by controlling the swizzlemuxes.Table 79. VOP3P Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 V_PK_MAD_I16 1 V_PK_MUL_LO_U16 2 V_PK_ADD_I16 3 V_PK_SUB_I16 4 V_PK_LSHLREV_B16 5 V_PK_LSHRREV_B16 6 V_PK_ASHRREV_I16
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Opcode # Name 7 V_PK_MAX_I16 8 V_PK_MIN_I16 9 V_PK_MAD_U16 10 V_PK_ADD_U16 11 V_PK_SUB_U16 12 V_PK_MAX_U16 13 V_PK_MIN_U16 14 V_PK_FMA_F16 15 V_PK_ADD_F16 16 V_PK_MUL_F16 17 V_PK_MIN_F16 18 V_PK_MAX_F16 32 V_MAD_MIX_F32 33 V_MAD_MIXLO_F16 34 V_MAD_MIXHI_F16 35 V_DOT2_F32_F16 38 V_DOT2_I32_I16 39 V_DOT2_U32_U16 40 V_DOT4_I32_I8 41 V_DOT4_U32_U8 42 V_DOT8_I32_I4 43 V_DOT8_U32_U4 48 V_PK_FMA_F32 49 V_PK_MUL_F32 50 V_PK_ADD_F32 51 V_PK_MOV_B32 64 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X1F32 65 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X1F32 66 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X1F32 68 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X2F32 69 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4F32 72 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4F16 73 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4F16 74 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X4F16
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Opcode # Name 76 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X8F16 77 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X16F16 80 V_MFMA_I32_32X32X4I8 81 V_MFMA_I32_16X16X4I8 82 V_MFMA_I32_4X4X4I8 84 V_MFMA_I32_32X32X8I8 85 V_MFMA_I32_16X16X16I8 88 V_ACCVGPR_READ 89 V_ACCVGPR_WRITE 99 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4BF16_1K 100 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X4BF16_1K 101 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X4BF16_1K 102 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X8BF16_1K 103 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X16BF16_1K 104 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X2BF16 105 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X2BF16 107 V_MFMA_F32_4X4X2BF16 108 V_MFMA_F32_32X32X4BF16 109 V_MFMA_F32_16X16X8BF16 110 V_MFMA_F64_16X16X4F64 111 V_MFMA_F64_4X4X4F6413.3.7. SDWA
FormatSDWADescriptionSub-Dword Addressing. This is a second dword which can follow VOP1 orVOP2 instructions (in place of a literal constant) to control selection of sub-dword (16-bit) operands. Use of SDWA is indicated by assigning the SRC0field to SDWA, and then the actual VGPR used as source-zero isdetermined in SDWA instruction word.Table 80. SDWA Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [39:32] Real SRC0 operand (VGPR). DST_SEL [42:40] Select the data destination:0-3 = reserved4 = data[15:0] 5 = data[31:16] 6 = data[31:0] 7 = reserved DST_U [44:43] Destination format: what do with the bits in the VGPR that are not selected byDST_SEL:0 = pad with zeros + 1 = sign extend upper / zero lower2 = preserve (don’t modify)3 = reserved CLMP [45] 1 = clamp result OMOD [47:46] Output modifiers (see VOP3). [46] = low half, [47] = high half SRC0_SEL [50:48] Source 0 select. Same options as DST_SEL. SRC0_SEXT [51] Sign extend modifier for source 0. SRC0_NEG [52] 1 = negate source 0. SRC0_ABS [53] 1 = Absolute value of source 0. S0 [55] 0 = source 0 is VGPR, 1 = is SGPR. SRC1_SEL [58:56] Same options as SRC0_SEL. SRC1_SEXT [59] Sign extend modifier for source 1. SRC1_NEG [60] 1 = negate source 1. SRC1_ABS [61] 1 = Absolute value of source 1. S1 [63] 0 = source 1 is VGPR, 1 = is SGPR.13.3.8. SDWAB
FormatSDWABDescriptionSub-Dword Addressing. This is a second dword which can follow VOPCinstructions (in place of a literal constant) to control selection of sub-dword(16-bit) operands. Use of SDWA is indicated by assigning the SRC0 field toSDWA, and then the actual VGPR used as source-zero is determined inSDWA instruction word. This version has a scalar destination.Table 81. SDWAB Fields
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [39:32] Real SRC0 operand (VGPR). SDST [46:40] Scalar GPR destination. SD [47] Scalar destination type: 0 = VCC, 1 = normal SGPR. SRC0_SEL [50:48] Source 0 select. Same options as DST_SEL. SRC0_SEXT [51] Sign extend modifier for source 0. SRC0_NEG [52] 1 = negate source 0. SRC0_ABS [53] 1 = Absolute value of source 0. S0 [55] 0 = source 0 is VGPR, 1 = is SGPR. SRC1_SEL [58:56] Same options as SRC0_SEL. SRC1_SEXT [59] Sign extend modifier for source 1. SRC1_NEG [60] 1 = negate source 1. SRC1_ABS [61] 1 = Absolute value of source 1. S1 [63] 0 = source 1 is VGPR, 1 = is SGPR.13.3.9. DPP
FormatDPPDescriptionData Parallel Primitives. This is a second dword which can follow VOP1,VOP2 or VOPC instructions (in place of a literal constant) to controlselection of data from other lanes.Table 82. DPP Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description SRC0 [39:32] Real SRC0 operand (VGPR). DPP_CTRL [48:40] See next table: "DPP_CTRL Enumeration" BC [51] Bounds Control: 0 = do not write when source is out of range, 1 = write. SRC0_NEG [52] 1 = negate source 0. SRC0_ABS [53] 1 = Absolute value of source 0. SRC1_NEG [54] 1 = negate source 1. SRC1_ABS [55] 1 = Absolute value of source 1.
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Field Name Bits Format or Description BANK_MASK [59:56] Bank Mask Applies to the VGPR destination write only, does not impact thethread mask when fetching source VGPR data.27==0: lanes[12:15, 28:31, 44:47, 60:63] are disabled26==0: lanes[8:11, 24:27, 40:43, 56:59] are disabled25==0: lanes[4:7, 20:23, 36:39, 52:55] are disabled24==0: lanes[0:3, 16:19, 32:35, 48:51] are disabledNotice: the term "bank" here is not the same as we used for the VGPR bank. ROW_MASK [63:60] Row Mask Applies to the VGPR destination write only, does not impact thethread mask when fetching source VGPR data.31==0: lanes[63:48] are disabled (wave 64 only)30==0: lanes[47:32] are disabled (wave 64 only)29==0: lanes[31:16] are disabled28==0: lanes[15:0] are disabledTable 83. DPP_CTRL Enumeration DPP_CntlEnumeration HexValue Function Description DPP_QUAD_PERM* 000-0FF pix[n].srca = pix[(n&0x3c)+ dpp_cntl[n%4*2+1 :n%4*2]].srca Full permute of four threads. DPP_UNUSED 100 Undefined Reserved. DPP_ROW_SL* 101-10F if ((n & 0xf) < (16-cntl[3:0])) pix[n].srca = pix[n +cntl[3:0]].srca else use bound_cntl Row shift left by 1-15 threads. DPP_ROW_SR* 111-11F if \((n&0xf) >= cntl[3:0]) pix[n].srca = pix[n -cntl[3:0]].srca else use bound_cntl Row shift right by 1-15threads. DPP_ROW_RR* 121-12F if \((n&0xf) >= cnt[3:0]) pix[n].srca = pix[n -cntl[3:0]].srca else pix[n].srca = pix[n + 16 -cntl[3:0]].srca Row rotate right by 1-15threads. DPP_WF_SL1* 130 if (n<63) pix[n].srca = pix[n+1].srca else use bound_cntl Wavefront left shift by 1thread. DPP_WF_RL1* 134 if (n<63) pix[n].srca = pix[n+1].srca else pix[n].srca =pix[0].srca Wavefront left rotate by 1thread. DPP_WF_SR1* 138 if (n>0) pix[n].srca = pix[n-1].srca else use bound_cntl Wavefront right shift by 1thread. DPP_WF_RR1* 13C if (n>0) pix[n].srca = pix[n-1].srca else pix[n].srca =pix[63].srca Wavefront right rotate by 1thread. DPP_ROW_MIRROR* 140 pix[n].srca = pix[15-(n&f)].srca Mirror threads within row. DPP_ROW_HALF_MIRROR* 141 pix[n].srca = pix[7-(n&7)].srca Mirror threads within row (8threads). DPP_ROW_BCAST15* 142 if (n>15) pix[n].srca = pix[n & 0x30 - 1].srca Broadcast 15th thread of eachrow to next row. DPP_ROW_BCAST31* 143 if (n>31) pix[n].srca = pix[n & 0x20 - 1].srca Broadcast thread 31 to rows 2and 3.
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DPP_CntlEnumeration HexValue Function Description DPP_ROW* 150 -165 pix[n].srca = pix[(n & 0xfffffff0)+count].srca; Broadcast thread 0-15 within arow to the whole row.13.4. LDS and GDS format13.4.1. DS
FormatLDS and GDSDescriptionLocal and Global Data Sharing instructionsTable 84. DS Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description OFFSET0 [7:0] First address offset OFFSET1 [15:8] Second address offset. For some opcodes this is concatenated with OFFSET0. GDS [16] 1=GDS, 0=LDS operation. OP [24:17] See Opcode table below. ACC [25] VDST is Accumulation VGPR ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 110110 ADDR [39:32] VGPR which supplies the address. DATA0 [47:40] First data VGPR. DATA1 [55:48] Second data VGPR. VDST [63:56] Destination VGPR when results returned to VGPRs.Table 85. DS Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 DS_ADD_U32 1 DS_SUB_U32 2 DS_RSUB_U32 3 DS_INC_U32 4 DS_DEC_U32
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Opcode # Name 5 DS_MIN_I32 6 DS_MAX_I32 7 DS_MIN_U32 8 DS_MAX_U32 9 DS_AND_B32 10 DS_OR_B32 11 DS_XOR_B32 12 DS_MSKOR_B32 13 DS_WRITE_B32 14 DS_WRITE2_B32 15 DS_WRITE2ST64_B32 16 DS_CMPST_B32 17 DS_CMPST_F32 18 DS_MIN_F32 19 DS_MAX_F32 20 DS_NOP 21 DS_ADD_F32 29 DS_WRITE_ADDTID_B32 30 DS_WRITE_B8 31 DS_WRITE_B16 32 DS_ADD_RTN_U32 33 DS_SUB_RTN_U32 34 DS_RSUB_RTN_U32 35 DS_INC_RTN_U32 36 DS_DEC_RTN_U32 37 DS_MIN_RTN_I32 38 DS_MAX_RTN_I32 39 DS_MIN_RTN_U32 40 DS_MAX_RTN_U32 41 DS_AND_RTN_B32 42 DS_OR_RTN_B32 43 DS_XOR_RTN_B32 44 DS_MSKOR_RTN_B32 45 DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B32
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Opcode # Name 46 DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B32 47 DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B32 48 DS_CMPST_RTN_B32 49 DS_CMPST_RTN_F32 50 DS_MIN_RTN_F32 51 DS_MAX_RTN_F32 52 DS_WRAP_RTN_B32 53 DS_ADD_RTN_F32 54 DS_READ_B32 55 DS_READ2_B32 56 DS_READ2ST64_B32 57 DS_READ_I8 58 DS_READ_U8 59 DS_READ_I16 60 DS_READ_U16 61 DS_SWIZZLE_B32 62 DS_PERMUTE_B32 63 DS_BPERMUTE_B32 64 DS_ADD_U64 65 DS_SUB_U64 66 DS_RSUB_U64 67 DS_INC_U64 68 DS_DEC_U64 69 DS_MIN_I64 70 DS_MAX_I64 71 DS_MIN_U64 72 DS_MAX_U64 73 DS_AND_B64 74 DS_OR_B64 75 DS_XOR_B64 76 DS_MSKOR_B64 77 DS_WRITE_B64 78 DS_WRITE2_B64 79 DS_WRITE2ST64_B64
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Opcode # Name 80 DS_CMPST_B64 81 DS_CMPST_F64 82 DS_MIN_F64 83 DS_MAX_F64 84 DS_WRITE_B8_D16_HI 85 DS_WRITE_B16_D16_HI 86 DS_READ_U8_D16 87 DS_READ_U8_D16_HI 88 DS_READ_I8_D16 89 DS_READ_I8_D16_HI 90 DS_READ_U16_D16 91 DS_READ_U16_D16_HI 92 DS_ADD_F64 96 DS_ADD_RTN_U64 97 DS_SUB_RTN_U64 98 DS_RSUB_RTN_U64 99 DS_INC_RTN_U64 100 DS_DEC_RTN_U64 101 DS_MIN_RTN_I64 102 DS_MAX_RTN_I64 103 DS_MIN_RTN_U64 104 DS_MAX_RTN_U64 105 DS_AND_RTN_B64 106 DS_OR_RTN_B64 107 DS_XOR_RTN_B64 108 DS_MSKOR_RTN_B64 109 DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B64 110 DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B64 111 DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B64 112 DS_CMPST_RTN_B64 113 DS_CMPST_RTN_F64 114 DS_MIN_RTN_F64 115 DS_MAX_RTN_F64 118 DS_READ_B64
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Opcode # Name 119 DS_READ2_B64 120 DS_READ2ST64_B64 124 DS_ADD_RTN_F64 126 DS_CONDXCHG32_RTN_B64 152 DS_GWS_SEMA_RELEASE_ALL 153 DS_GWS_INIT 154 DS_GWS_SEMA_V 155 DS_GWS_SEMA_BR 156 DS_GWS_SEMA_P 157 DS_GWS_BARRIER 182 DS_READ_ADDTID_B32 189 DS_CONSUME 190 DS_APPEND 222 DS_WRITE_B96 223 DS_WRITE_B128 254 DS_READ_B96 255 DS_READ_B12813.5. Vector Memory Buffer FormatsThere are two memory buffer instruction formats:MTBUFtyped buffer access (data type is defined by the instruction)MUBUFuntyped buffer access (data type is defined by the buffer / resource-constant)13.5.1. MTBUF
FormatMTBUF
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DescriptionMemory Typed-Buffer InstructionsTable 86. MTBUF Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description OFFSET [11:0] Address offset, unsigned byte. OFFEN [12] 1 = enable offset VGPR, 0 = use zero for address offset IDXEN [13] 1 = enable index VGPR, 0 = use zero for address index GLC [14] 0 = normal, 1 = globally coherent (bypass L0 cache) or for atomics, return pre-op value to VGPR. OP [18:15] Opcode. See table below. DFMT 22:19 Data Format of data in memory buffer:0 invalid1 82 163 8_84 325 16_166 10_11_118 10_10_10_29 2_10_10_1010 8_8_8_811 32_3212 16_16_16_1613 32_32_3214 32_32_32_32 NFMT 25:23 Numeric format of data in memory:0 unorm1 snorm2 uscaled3 sscaled4 uint5 sint6 reserved7 float ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 111010 VADDR [39:32] Address of VGPR to supply first component of address (offset or index). Whenboth index and offset are used, index is in the first VGPR and offset in thesecond. VDATA [47:40] Address of VGPR to supply first component of write data or receive firstcomponent of read-data. SRSRC [52:48] SGPR to supply V# (resource constant) in 4 or 8 consecutive SGPRs. It ismissing 2 LSB’s of SGPR-address since must be aligned to 4. reserved [53] must be set to zero SLC [54] System level coherent: bypass L2 cache. ACC [55] VDATA is Accumulation VGPR
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SOFFSET [63:56] Address offset, unsigned byte.Table 87. MTBUF Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X 1 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XY 2 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZ 3 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZW 4 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_X 5 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XY 6 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZ 7 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZW 8 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_X 9 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XY 10 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZ 11 TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZW 12 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_X 13 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XY 14 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZ 15 TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZW13.5.2. MUBUF
FormatMUBUFDescriptionMemory Untyped-Buffer InstructionsTable 88. MUBUF Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description OFFSET [11:0] Address offset, unsigned byte. OFFEN [12] 1 = enable offset VGPR, 0 = use zero for address offset
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Field Name Bits Format or Description IDXEN [13] 1 = enable index VGPR, 0 = use zero for address index GLC [14] 0 = normal, 1 = globally coherent (bypass L0 cache) or for atomics, return pre-op value to VGPR. reserved [15] must be set to zero LDS [16] 0 = normal, 1 = transfer data between LDS and memory instead of VGPRs andmemory. SLC [17] System level coherent: bypass L2 cache. OP [24:18] Opcode. See table below. ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 111000 VADDR [39:32] Address of VGPR to supply first component of address (offset or index). Whenboth index and offset are used, index is in the first VGPR and offset in thesecond. VDATA [47:40] Address of VGPR to supply first component of write data or receive firstcomponent of read-data. SRSRC [52:48] SGPR to supply V# (resource constant) in 4 or 8 consecutive SGPRs. It ismissing 2 LSB’s of SGPR-address since must be aligned to 4. ACC [55] VDATA is Accumulation VGPR SOFFSET [63:56] Address offset, unsigned byte.Table 89. MUBUF Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X 1 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XY 2 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZ 3 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZW 4 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_X 5 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XY 6 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZ 7 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZW 8 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_X 9 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XY 10 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZ 11 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_XYZW 12 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_X 13 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XY 14 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZ
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Opcode # Name 15 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_XYZW 16 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE 17 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE 18 BUFFER_LOAD_USHORT 19 BUFFER_LOAD_SSHORT 20 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD 21 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2 22 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX3 23 BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4 24 BUFFER_STORE_BYTE 25 BUFFER_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI 26 BUFFER_STORE_SHORT 27 BUFFER_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI 28 BUFFER_STORE_DWORD 29 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX2 30 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX3 31 BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX4 32 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 33 BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI 34 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 35 BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI 36 BUFFER_LOAD_SHORT_D16 37 BUFFER_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI 38 BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_D16_HI_X 39 BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_D16_HI_X 40 BUFFER_WBL2 41 BUFFER_INVL2 61 BUFFER_STORE_LDS_DWORD 62 BUFFER_WBINVL1 63 BUFFER_WBINVL1_VOL 64 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP 65 BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 66 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD 67 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB
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Opcode # Name 68 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN 69 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN 70 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX 71 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX 72 BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND 73 BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR 74 BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR 75 BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC 76 BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC 77 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_F32 78 BUFFER_ATOMIC_PK_ADD_F16 79 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_F64 80 BUFFER_ATOMIC_MIN_F64 81 BUFFER_ATOMIC_MAX_F64 96 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 97 BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 98 BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 99 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 100 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 101 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2 102 BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 103 BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 104 BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND_X2 105 BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR_X2 106 BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 107 BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC_X2 108 BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC_X213.6. Vector Memory Image Format13.6.1. MIMG
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FormatMIMGDescriptionMemory Image InstructionsTable 90. MIMG Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description reserved [7] must be set to zero DMASK [11:8] Data VGPR enable mask: 1 .. 4 consecutive VGPRsReads: defines which components are returned: 0=red,1=green,2=blue,3=alphaWrites: defines which components are written with data from VGPRs (missingcomponents get 0).Enabled components come from consecutive VGPRs.E.G. dmask=1001 : Red is in VGPRn and alpha in VGPRn+1.For D16 writes, DMASK is only used as a word count: each bit represents 16bits of data to be written starting at the LSB’s of VDATA, then MSBs, thenVDATA+1 etc. Bit position is ignored. UNRM [12] Force address to be un-normalized. Must be set to 1 for Image stores &atomics. GLC [13] 0 = normal, 1 = globally coherent (bypass L0 cache) or for atomics, return pre-op value to VGPR. DA [14] Declare an Array.1 Kernel has declared this resource to be an array of texture maps.0 Kernel has declared this resource to be a single texture map. A16 [15] Address components are 16-bits (instead of the usual 32 bits). When set, all address components are 16 bits (packed into 2 per dword),except:Texel offsets (3 6bit UINT packed into 1 dword)PCF reference (for "_C" instructions)Address components are 16b uint for image ops without sampler; 16b float withsampler. ACC [16] VDATA is Accumulation VGPR LWE [17] LOD Warning Enable. When set to 1, a texture fetch may return"LOD_CLAMPED = 1". OP [0],[24:18] Opcode. See table below. (combine bits zero and 18-24 to form opcode). SLC [25] System level coherent: bypass L2 cache. ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 111100 VADDR [39:32] Address of VGPR to supply first component of address (offset or index). Whenboth index and offset are used, index is in the first VGPR and offset in thesecond.
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Field Name Bits Format or Description VDATA [47:40] Address of VGPR to supply first component of write data or receive firstcomponent of read-data. SRSRC [52:48] SGPR to supply V# (resource constant) in 4 or 8 consecutive SGPRs. It ismissing 2 LSB’s of SGPR-address since must be aligned to 4. SSAMP [57:53] SGPR to supply V# (resource constant) in 4 or 8 consecutive SGPRs. It ismissing 2 LSB’s of SGPR-address since must be aligned to 4. D16 [63] Address offset, unsigned byte.Table 91. MIMG Opcodes Opcode # Name 0 IMAGE_LOAD 1 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP 2 IMAGE_LOAD_PCK 3 IMAGE_LOAD_PCK_SGN 4 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK 5 IMAGE_LOAD_MIP_PCK_SGN 8 IMAGE_STORE 9 IMAGE_STORE_MIP 10 IMAGE_STORE_PCK 11 IMAGE_STORE_MIP_PCK 14 IMAGE_GET_RESINFO 16 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SWAP 17 IMAGE_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 18 IMAGE_ATOMIC_ADD 19 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SUB 20 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMIN 21 IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMIN 22 IMAGE_ATOMIC_SMAX 23 IMAGE_ATOMIC_UMAX 24 IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND 25 IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR 26 IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR 27 IMAGE_ATOMIC_INC 28 IMAGE_ATOMIC_DEC 32 IMAGE_SAMPLE
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13.7. Flat FormatsFlat memory instructions come in three versions: FLAT:: memory address (per work-item) maybe in global memory, scratch (private) memory or shared memory (LDS) GLOBAL:: same asFLAT, but assumes all memory addresses are global memory. SCRATCH:: same as FLAT, butassumes all memory addresses are scratch (private) memory.The microcode format is identical for each, and only the value of the SEG (segment) field differs.13.7.1. FLAT
FormatFLATDescriptionFLAT Memory AccessTable 92. FLAT Fields Field Name Bits Format or Description OFFSET [12:0] Address offsetScratch, Global: 13-bit signed byte offsetFLAT: 12-bit unsigned offset (MSB is ignored) LDS [13] 0 = normal, 1 = transfer data between LDS and memory instead of VGPRs andmemory. SEG [15:14] Memory Segment (instruction type): 0 = flat, 1 = scratch, 2 = global. GLC [16] 0 = normal, 1 = globally coherent (bypass L0 cache) or for atomics, return pre-op value to VGPR. SLC [17] System level coherent: bypass L2 cache. OP [24:18] Opcode. See tables below for FLAT, SCRATCH and GLOBAL opcodes. reserved [25] must be set to zero ENCODING [31:26] Must be: 110111 ADDR [39:32] VGPR which holds address or offset. For 64-bit addresses, ADDR has theLSB’s and ADDR+1 has the MSBs. For offset a single VGPR has a 32 bitunsigned offset.For FLAT_*: always specifies an address.For GLOBAL_* and SCRATCH_* when SADDR is 0x7f: specifies an address.For GLOBAL_* and SCRATCH_* when SADDR is not 0x7f: specifies an offset. DATA [47:40] VGPR which supplies data.
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Field Name Bits Format or Description SADDR [54:48] Scalar SGPR which provides an address of offset (unsigned). Set this field to0x7f to disable use.Meaning of this field is different for Scratch and Global:FLAT: Unused Scratch: use an SGPR for the address instead of a VGPRGlobal: use the SGPR to provide a base address and the VGPR provides a 32-bit byte offset. ACC [55] VDATA is Accumulation VGPR VDST [63:56] Destination VGPR for data returned from memory to VGPRs.Table 93. FLAT Opcodes Opcode # Name 16 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE 17 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE 18 FLAT_LOAD_USHORT 19 FLAT_LOAD_SSHORT 20 FLAT_LOAD_DWORD 21 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX2 22 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX3 23 FLAT_LOAD_DWORDX4 24 FLAT_STORE_BYTE 25 FLAT_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI 26 FLAT_STORE_SHORT 27 FLAT_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI 28 FLAT_STORE_DWORD 29 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX2 30 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX3 31 FLAT_STORE_DWORDX4 32 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 33 FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI 34 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 35 FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI 36 FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16 37 FLAT_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI 64 FLAT_ATOMIC_SWAP 65 FLAT_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP
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Opcode # Name 66 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD 67 FLAT_ATOMIC_SUB 68 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMIN 69 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMIN 70 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMAX 71 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMAX 72 FLAT_ATOMIC_AND 73 FLAT_ATOMIC_OR 74 FLAT_ATOMIC_XOR 75 FLAT_ATOMIC_INC 76 FLAT_ATOMIC_DEC 79 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD_F64 80 FLAT_ATOMIC_MIN_F64 81 FLAT_ATOMIC_MAX_F64 96 FLAT_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 97 FLAT_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 98 FLAT_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 99 FLAT_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 100 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 101 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2 102 FLAT_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 103 FLAT_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 104 FLAT_ATOMIC_AND_X2 105 FLAT_ATOMIC_OR_X2 106 FLAT_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 107 FLAT_ATOMIC_INC_X2 108 FLAT_ATOMIC_DEC_X213.7.2. GLOBALTable 94. GLOBAL Opcodes Opcode # Name 16 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE 17 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE
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Opcode # Name 18 GLOBAL_LOAD_USHORT 19 GLOBAL_LOAD_SSHORT 20 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORD 21 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX2 22 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX3 23 GLOBAL_LOAD_DWORDX4 24 GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE 25 GLOBAL_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI 26 GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT 27 GLOBAL_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI 28 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORD 29 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX2 30 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX3 31 GLOBAL_STORE_DWORDX4 32 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 33 GLOBAL_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI 34 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 35 GLOBAL_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI 36 GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16 37 GLOBAL_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI 64 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SWAP 65 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 66 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD 67 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SUB 68 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMIN 69 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMIN 70 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMAX 71 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMAX 72 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_AND 73 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_OR 74 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_XOR 75 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_INC 76 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_DEC 77 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_F32
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Opcode # Name 78 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_PK_ADD_F16 79 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_F64 80 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_MIN_F64 81 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_MAX_F64 96 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 97 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 98 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 99 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 100 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 101 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2 102 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 103 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 104 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_AND_X2 105 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_OR_X2 106 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 107 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_INC_X2 108 GLOBAL_ATOMIC_DEC_X213.7.3. SCRATCHTable 95. SCRATCH Opcodes Opcode # Name 16 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE 17 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE 18 SCRATCH_LOAD_USHORT 19 SCRATCH_LOAD_SSHORT 20 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORD 21 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX2 22 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX3 23 SCRATCH_LOAD_DWORDX4 24 SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE 25 SCRATCH_STORE_BYTE_D16_HI 26 SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT 27 SCRATCH_STORE_SHORT_D16_HI
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Opcode # Name 28 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORD 29 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX2 30 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX3 31 SCRATCH_STORE_DWORDX4 32 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16 33 SCRATCH_LOAD_UBYTE_D16_HI 34 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16 35 SCRATCH_LOAD_SBYTE_D16_HI 36 SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16 37 SCRATCH_LOAD_SHORT_D16_HI
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